毕业设计说明书：二氯甲烷为无色液体，优点是溶解能力强、毒性低。二氯甲烷常大量用于脱出涂料、安全的电影胶片的制造、聚碳酸酯、醋酸纤维、聚氨酯发泡剂、脱模剂和金属脱脂。三氯甲烷是无色液体，主要用来生产氟利昂，常用作麻醉剂，可用作橡胶、抗生素和油脂的溶剂。本设计课题主要任务内容是以330天/年为生产周期，年产量8000吨的二氯甲烷氯化吸收工段为生产目标进行化工工艺设计，力求做到合理的生产工艺设计；设计过程中，首先进行主要的物料衡算、热量衡算和设备计算，再根据工艺操作的要求和特点，参照相关工艺的资料，使设计结果准确且具备工业价值。在本设计中，选用甲烷热氯化法生产，产品用两个膜式吸收器吸收。主要完成了整个工艺计算、设备选型、绘制工艺流程图和设备布置图。52636

毕业论文关键词: 二氯甲烷；甲烷氯化法；物料、热量衡算

Design of an annual output of 8000 tons of dichloromethane production

Graduation design specification: Methylene chloride is a colorless liquid, has the advantages of strong dissolving ability, low toxicity. Dichloromethane often widely used in extrusion coating, safety film, polycarbonate, acetate fiber, polyurethane foaming agent, release agent and metal degreasing. Chloroform is colorless liquid, mainly used in the production of freon, commonly used as an anesthetic, can be used as rubber, antibiotics and grease solvent. In fact, the main task of this design project is based on the content of the production cycle of 330 days a year, the annual output of 8000 tons of dichloromethane chloride absorption section in the chemical process design. I strive to achieve a reasonable production process design, correctly complete the material balance, heat balance, equipment design, type selection calculation to make the design result accurate and have industrial value. In this design, I use the methane thermal chlorination production, with two film absorber for absorbing products. Mainly completed the entire process calculation, equipment selection, drawing process flow chart and equipment layout.

Keywords: dichloromethane; methane chlorination; material balance; heat balance

目  录

1 绪论 1

1.1设计任务的依据 1

1.2 概述 1

1.2.1 产品的主要用途 1

1.2.2 产品的市场需求 2

1.2.3 产品的物理化学性质 3

1.2.4 质量标准 6

1.2.5 二、三氯甲烷的生产方法及特点 7

1.2.6 二、三氯甲烷的生产原理 8

1.2.7 生产工艺流程简述 10

1.3 设计内容 12

2 物料衡算和热量衡算 13

2.1 计算基准 13

2.2 物料衡算和热量衡算 13

2.2.1 反应器的物料衡算和热量衡算 13

2.2.2 空冷器的物料衡算和热量衡算 17

2.2.3 第一膜式吸收器的物料衡算和热量衡算 18

2.2.4 第二膜式吸收器的物料衡算和热量衡算 20

2.2.5 中和塔(填料塔)的物料衡算和热量衡算 22

3主要设备的工艺计算及选型 24

3.1 空冷器