摘 要:亚里士多德《诗学》中关于戏剧的创作理论是西方古典戏剧创作的标准,主要有两方面内容:一个是内容上,古典戏剧侧重于表现外部动作、事件的冲突;一个是形式上,古典戏剧以集中凝练、环环相扣的故事情节来结构全剧,即“情节整一”原则。契诃夫的戏剧颠覆了“亚里士多德”式戏剧的准则:在内容上,契诃夫淡化了“亚里士多德”式戏剧的“外部冲突”,创建了“内部冲突”;在形式上,契诃夫用“心灵整一”的结构取代了“亚里士多德”式戏剧“情节整一”的结构,开辟了现代戏剧的新形式。《海鸥》这部剧在内容和形式上从上述两方面对传统戏剧作出了新的突破,充分体现了契诃夫戏剧的现代性特征。而这种现代属性渗入了契诃夫的整个戏剧创作过程,后来的《万尼亚舅舅》、《樱桃园》无不直接体现了这种新的戏剧法则。因此,契诃夫成为西方戏剧史上古典戏剧向现代戏剧的过渡者,他终结了古典,开辟了全新的现代戏剧法则,在西方戏剧史的发展过程中具有崇高的地位和价值。5363
关键词: 契诃夫;戏剧 ;《海鸥》;现代性
Digestion and Construction of Drama
——Analyzing the Modernity of Chekhov’s Drama from The Seagull
Abstract: The Aristotle's "Poetics" in writing theory is the western classical drama, manifested in two aspects, one is in the content, it emphasizes the external movement, collision, another is in the form, in order to focus on the concise, it is linked to the plot structure, namely " the whole plot" principle. Chekhov's drama "Aristotle" subverted the drama criterion. In the content, Chekhov played down the "Aristotle" drama's "external conflict", created the "internal conflict"; in the form, Chekhov created "the whole structure of the mind" instead of "Aristotle's drama'' and "plot completeness" structure, opened up a new form of modern drama. "Seagull" has a new breakthrough in content and form of the traditional drama, fully embodies the characteristics of Chekhov's modern drama. The modern property into the drama of Chekhov's creative process, then both the "Uncle Vanya" and "Cherry Orchard" directly reflects the new drama law. Therefore, Chekhov has become the western drama in the history of classical drama over to the modern drama, he put an end to classical, opened a new modern drama rule, and has the lofty status and value in the history of development of Western drama.
Key Words: Chekhov; Drama; The Seagull; Modern Characteristics
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