摘要据《三国志》记载,诸葛亮前后五次兵出祁山,实现“兴复汉室”大业。但是,先后五次都没有取得佳绩,甚至多次被迫退兵。因而,后人多议论诸葛亮北伐成功的可能性,关于诸葛亮北伐的原因和屡次失败后为什么仍旧坚持北伐,应当从两个方面进行思考。第一、诸葛亮是否认为当时北伐会成功?第二、诸葛亮如果认为北伐成功无望,又为什么冒着兵疲国衰的风险屡次北伐呢?本文意欲参加讨论,首先分析了诸葛亮北伐的目的,其次从经济、军事、政治三个方面分析了诸葛亮北伐的战略,最后就北伐的争议和评价给出一些看法。41439 毕业论文关键词:诸葛亮;北伐;战略
The Zhuge Liang northern expedition
Abstract
According to the records of the three kingdoms, Zhuge Liang had gone to the Qi Mountain for five times to achieve the "XING Fu Chinese room" feat. However, he did not success in consecutive five times, and was even repeatedly forced to retreat. Thus, later generations have discussed the successful likelihood of Northern Expedition of Zhuge Liang. The reasons for the repeated failure of Northern Expedition of Zhuge Liang and why he still adhered to the Northern Expedition should be considered from the two aspects. Firstly, whether Zhuge Liang believed that the northern expedition will be successful? Secondly, Zhuge Liang believed that if the Northern Expedition was hopeless, why the soldiers braved the risk of the struggling country and repeatedly did the northern expeditions? This article intends to participate in the discussion, firstly analyses the purpose of the Northern Expeditions, and secondly, analyses the Northern expeditions of strategy from the economic, military and political aspects, finally views the controversy and evaluation of the Northern expeditions.
Key Words: Zhuge Liang;The northern expedition;stratagem
目 录
摘要-1
Abstract-Ⅱ
目录 Ⅲ
前言 1
一、诸葛亮的北伐目标 1
(一)传统观点的反驳 1
(二)北伐的根本目的 3
二、诸葛亮北伐的战略 4
(一)经济上的考虑 4
(二)军事上的考虑 4
(三)政治上的考虑 5
三、诸葛亮北伐的争议及评价 6
(一)北伐决策是否正确的争论 6
(二)评价 7
参考文献 8
前言
在三国史的研究中,诸葛亮一直是大家津津乐道的热点,主要是对他文治的肯定和武功的反对。诸葛亮五次北伐,长久以来的观点是诸葛亮为了先主的重托,明知不可为而为,是他忠心的体现,但有一点很奇怪,诸葛亮是性情谨慎的人,如此谨小慎微的人,为何会非常不谨慎地不断发动,准备不足,没有胜算的战争呢?诸葛亮在刘备在世时一直从事后方工作,应该非常清楚策划一次进攻战,战役计划和后勤粮食储备的重要性,稀奇的是诸葛亮后来多次北伐的命令,经常因为组织仓促、粮食不足而劳民伤财,无功而返。并且偏重掠夺人口和临时占领几个城市,没有完整的作战目标和计划步骤,所有奇怪矛盾的地方,发生在独掌大权,不断北伐的诸葛亮身上,引起探讨他北伐的兴趣。人们更愿意谈论诸葛亮法治的优点,而缺乏对其军事活动的全面和系统的研究。因此,本文选择了诸葛亮的军事活动和思想作为研究对象,对诸葛亮的军事情报和战术做出客观的揭露。