摘要：《儒林外史》是在我国清朝写成的一部著名的讽刺小说，它是作者吴敬梓依据自己的亲身经历以及对科举儒士的了解加工编纂而成，是我国古代讽刺文学中优秀的代表作，标志着我国古代讽刺小说艺术发展的新阶段，它也为作者吴敬梓赢来了不朽的盛名。在这部小说中，我们可以从王冕身上看到作者吴敬梓的避世思想；从鲍文卿身上看到作者对封建礼教和世俗偏见的鄙弃；从王惠、严氏兄弟和王德身上看到科举制度下培养出来的社会的蛀虫；从马二先生、范进身上看到发展至清朝的科举制度对读书人的迫害；从杜少卿、虞育德身上看到读书人应有的品质和道德；从市井四大奇人身上看到社会的未来。进而看到整个清朝的知识分子眼中科举制度的模样。48484

毕业论文关键词：《儒林外史》；科举制度；清朝知识分子

From "The scholars" qing dynasty intellectuals in the eyes of the imperial examination system

Abstract: "The scholars" is in our country in the middle of the Qing Dynasty written a famous novel. It is the author, Wu Jingzi according to their personal experience and the imperial scholars to understand the processing compilation and is satire in ancient China is the most outstanding representative work marks a new stage of China's ancient satire art development, also won the enduring reputation for the author, Wu Jingzi. In this novel, we can from the Wang Mian see the author, Wu Jingzi evasive thought; see the disdain of the feudal ethical code and secular bias from Bao; see from Wang Hui, Yan's brother and WangDe WangRen trained under the imperial examination system of social moth; see the development to the Qing Dynasty imperial examination system to persecution of people reading; from the Du Shaoqing, Yu Yude body on the see the reading people should have the quality and moral; from the Warren Street four social future from four wonderful people. And then see the appearance of the imperial examination system in the eyes of the intellectuals of the Qing dynasty.

Keywords: “The scholars”；The imperial examination system；The qing dynasty intellectuals              

目        录

摘要 1

Abstract 1

一、吴敬梓的避世思想和《儒林外史》的讽刺艺术 2

（一）吴敬梓的避世思想 2

1.淡泊名利的隐士 2

2.宽厚善良的伶人 3

（二）《儒林外史》的讽刺艺术 3

1.对照手法的应用 3

2.细节描写手法的应用 4

二、知识分子眼中的科举制度 4

（一）对科举制度真诚的膜拜 4

1.科举制度的坚决信奉者 4

2.将科举制度作为满足自己私利的手段 5

（二）品行兼备的儒士 5

1.身处官场中的贤人儒士 5

2.官场之外的贤人雅士 6

三、清朝知识分子追求个性思想的解放 6

（一）读书学习方面，摒弃科举制度，探求人生道路 6

1.摒弃科举制度 7

2.探求人生道路