文本类型理论视角下中文旅游文本英译的探析(2)
II. Definition and Features of Text Typology Theory
2.1 Definition of Text Typology Theory
Text typology theory is presented by German scholar Katherine Reiss and British scholar Peter Newmark on the basis of the function of language. It offers a specific and operational instrument for translation process. It puts great emphasis on the adoption of the translation strategies according to concrete textual functions. This theory emphasizes that translators should adopt corresponding translation strategies depending on the text type. There are many definitions about Text Typology Theory. Text typology theory emphasizes the concrete analysis of specific texts. Reiss introduced the pragmatics in translation studies, she made from a functional point of view, and added text for exclusion based on this theory. Her first book is considered as the best part of the text typology theory. At the same time, it is also seen as a prelude function theory. Specifically, Reiss said that “analysis of the text is a translation by selecting the type of translation strategies, which critics began to conduct a comprehensive and objective translation criticism.” Text function is performed by the sender of text depending on the communicative purpose, taking a different communication strategy and choosing a different decision in text form. Reiss believes the different texts mainly from the different functions of language; her language function is on the basis of Buhler trichotomy above the proposed text typology. The theory is on the basis of equivalence theory, with a key point on the overall assessment of translation. Tourism and cultural industries are the two most important features of tourism information. English translation of the tourism texts should be reader-centered to ensure successful communication. Peter Newmark theory is based on Reiss’s text type. The text classification and translation strategies were more detailed and rigorous analysis. Newmark said that the main aim of the translator is to produce as nearly as possible the same effect on reader, this is the most original reader’s demand (10). Newmark is particularly in love with the German psychologist, functional linguist Karl Buhler 1934 proposed language features-tool mode theory. Germany functional School of translation theory scholars’ texts can be pided into two categories: one is for applications texts, and the other is for literary texts. Literary texts form is to classify the text mainly because the text directly related to the types of content and translation strategies. According to this theory, tourism text belongs to the calling function and special text. Text services to target readers, the translation should follow the principle of the first readers of tourism information exchange and information on the target reader inspired functionality.
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