毕业论文关键词：列夫托尔斯泰；安娜卡列尼娜；悲惨命运；女性形象；女性意识 

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Brief Introduction of Anna Karenina’s Historical and Social Background 1

1.2 Brief Introduction of the Objective and Significance of this Study 1

1.3 The Analysis Frame of the Paper 2

2. Literature Review 3

2.1 Previous Studies on the External Factors Contributing to the Tragic Fate of Anna Karenina 3

2.2 Previous Studies on Internal Factors Contributing to the Tragic Fate of Anna Karenina 4

2.3 Researches of Anna Karenina from the Perspective of Feminism 5

3. The Analysis of Anna Karenina as a Female Role 7

3.1 The Influence of Feudal Social System 7

3.1.1 The Unequal Social Status between Men and Women 7

3.1.2 The Traditional Discipline and Religion Fetters 7

3.1.3 Female Tragedies in Male-dominated Culture 8

3.1.4 The Social Status of Anna Karenina 8

3.2 The Influence of Family Relation 8

3.2.1 Women's Status in the Feudal Family 8

3.2.2 Anna's Status in the Feudal Family 9

3.3 Personality Differences between Men and Women 10

3.3.1 Personality Analysis of Male and Female 10

3.3.2 Negative Factors of Anna’s Characteristics 11

4. The Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Anna Karenina 13

4.1 The Burgeoning Feminist Consciousness of Anna 13

4.2 The Losing Feminist Consciousness of Anna 14

5. Conclusion and Enlightenments 15

5.1 The Conclusion of the Factors Contributing to the Tragic Fate of Anna 15

5.2 Enlightenments to Modern Women 15

6. Limitations and Suggestions 17

References 18

1. Introduction 

Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. (Tolstoy, 2002:1), literally the first sentence of Anna Karenina drops a hint that the book will tell about some unhappy stories that happen in different families. Having sympathy for Anna's tragic fate like anyone else, the paper is going to analyze the contributing factors of Anna's tragedy by discussing the social environment where she lives in, her unhappy marriage and affair, her stubborn nature and the absolute side of disposition and her fading feminist consciousness which finally put an end to the lady named Anna Karenina.

1.1 Brief Introduction of Anna Karenina’s Historical and Social Background 

Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, usually referred to as Leo Tolstoy in English, enjoys immense public popularity in the world of literature. As one of the representatives of critical realism in the 19th century, he shows great sympathy for the peasants and has strong condemnations for the evil of serf system.

In the second half of the 19th century, Russia witnessed rapid transformations, among which The Emancipation Reform of 1861 was truly remarkable. The 1861 Emancipation Manifesto proclaimed the emancipation of the domestic serfs and those on private estates. More than 23 million people received their liberty because of this edict. As Tolstoy really concerned himself with the condition of laboring people, these contentious social changes were heatedly debated by the characters in the novel. With such overwhelming ups and downs, Russian literature of critical realism reached its peak in the 19th century. The idea of "Anna Karenina" began in 1870. It was supposed to portray the story of an unfaithful married woman. But when it was finalized in 1877, the central theme of the novel was changed to mainly describe the disastrous consequences of the capitalist development in Russia: the disintegration of the aristocratic family relationships, the demoralization, the conflict between the declining aristocratic landowners and the uprising bourgeoisie, and the sharpened class contradictions in the country.