摘要摩托车作为一种现代化的交通工具，具有方便、快捷等优点，但是随着摩托车保有量的增加，城市环境污染和能源匮乏日益严重，考虑到我国目前的国情，发展电动摩托车具有重要的环保意义。而且灵活、轻巧、“零排放”、价格低廉等优点，使电动摩托车车迅速得到普及。49060

   本课题讲述了电动摩托车控制系统的工作原理，根据项目要求，本设计采用Microchip公司的PIC16F72单片机作为控制芯片。在硬件方面，进行了微控制单元电路设计、逻辑保护电路设计、电源电路设计、驱动电路设计。采用霍尔开关型传感器检测电机转子位置，微控制单元根据转子位置信号向驱动电路传递PWM（脉冲宽度调制）信号、逆变器上下臂驱动信号来控制无刷直流电机。在软件方面，采用模块化编程思想，采用PIC C语言作为编程语言，对系统进行详细设计。在系统安全性方面，实现了欠压保护、过流保护。基于单片机的本系统设计具有运行性能良好、能实现二次开发、可靠性高的特点，为后续的研究工作提供了一定的基础。

毕业论文关键词：电动摩托车； PIC单片机；控制器系统 ；无刷直流电机

Abstract

Motorcycle as modern transport has the virtue of convenience,fast speed.But with the increase in motorcycle ownership,urban environmental pollution and energy shortages are becoming increasingly serious,taking into account the current situation in China,the development of electric motorcycles has important environmental significance.And flexible,lightweight,"zero emission",low-cost advantages will enable electric motorcycle car quickly gained popularity.

This topic is about how electric motorcycle control system works,According to the project, PIC16F72 MCU produced by Microchip Company has been selected. The design of hardware including power circuit, hardware protection circuit, electronic commutate circuit .There are three hall sensors for the positon of the rotor,according to the position of the rotor and PWM(pulse width modulation)control signals,the electronic commutator works.The software was designed following the principle of modulation and structured programming and using PIC C language. Less voltage protection, current excessive protection are designed to reinforce the system. Micro controller-based design of this system has a good operating performance, high reliability, upgrade and updating and easy to provide a foundation for subsequent research.

Key Words: Electric Motorcycle ；PIC； Controller System；Brushless DC Motor

目录

第一章 绪论 3

1.1 本课题研究目的 3

1.2 本课题研究的背景和发展状况 3

1.2.1 电摩托车动车国内外发展状况 4 

1.2.2 功率半导体器件与晶体管的发展 5

1.2.3 电机的发展 5

   1.3本论文研究的论文和所做的工作 6

第二章 无刷电机控制系统分析 7

2.1 电机的基本原理 7

2.2 无刷直流电动机基本工作原理 7

2.3直流电动机的PWM调速原理 10

第三章 控制器的硬件设计 11

3.1 单片机的组成 11

3.2 控制器的硬件组成 11

3.3 驱动电路 12

3.5 电源电路