摘要：伴随着微机电系统（MEMS）技术的发展和进步，研制以MEMS惯性传感器为主体的低成本、高可靠性惯性测量单元（IMU）成为重要的研究方向。本论文针对MEMS加速度传感器和MEMS陀螺仪组成的微惯性测量单元（MIMU），设计了数字化接口，方便获取MEMS传感器的测量数据，为MIMU中惯性传感器的性能评测及MIMU在姿态测量及惯性导航系统中的应用奠定了研究基础。63544

本论文基于ATmega128单片机设计了一种MIMU数字化接口，该数字化接口可实现：①包含高精度模数转换电路，可对三路加速度模拟输出信号进行同步采样；②可通过SPI接口对三路陀螺数字输出信号进行获取；③通过RS232接口，可将获得的传感器数据上传到上位机。本文根据系统需求进行了硬件及软件设计，在软硬件设计的基础上，着重对高精度模数转换电路的性能进行了测试，并采用设计的数字接口对MEMS加速度传感器和MEMS陀螺仪的性能进行了初步测试。测试结果表明，该系统能够方便地实现MIMU中惯性传感器的测量数据获取，进而对传感器性能进行评估。

毕业论文关键词：惯性测量单元，微机电系统，数字化接口，模数转换器，ATmega128； 

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title       MIMU digital interface design

Abstract

Along with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology development,to develop MEMS inertial sensors as the main low-cost, high reliability inertial measurement unit (IMU) has become an important research direction.This thesis designes a digital interface for a  micro inertial measurement unit (MIMU) which is composed of  MEMS acceleration sensors and MEMS gyroscope. The design make it essy to abtain measurement data from MEMS sensor,and while lay the research foundation for MIMU inertial sensor performance evaluation and to apply MIMU in attitude measurement and inertial navigation system.

Based on MCU ATmega128,a digital interface for MIMU was designed in this paper.The design includes the following functions:① contains high-precision analog-to-digital conversion circuits,which can simultaneously sample analog output signal from three-way accelerometer;②obtain three-way digital gyroscope output through the SPI interface;  ③through the RS232 interface,the sensor data will be upload to de PC.According to the system requirements,hardware and software be designed,and then focus on the high-precision analog-digital conversion circuit performance tests.using the designed digital interface ,simply test the performance of accelerometers and gyroscopes.Test results show that the system can easily implemented MIMU inertial sensor measurement data acquisition, and then evaluate the performance of the sensor. 

Keywords:IMU,MEMS,digital interface,ADC,ATmega128; 

1 绪论 1

1.1 课题背景及研究意义 1

1.2 MIMU的国内外发展概况 2

1.3 A/D技术发展 3

1.4 SPI及UART接口技术的发展 4

1.5 小结 5

2 方案设计 5

2.1 系统设计 5

2.2 小结 9

3 硬件电路设计 9

3.1 硬件电路设计平台——Protel99 SE软件简介 9

3.2 电路设计 10

3.3 PCB设计 16

3.4 小结