摘要以无机锆盐四氯化锆（Zrcl4）为前驱体，环氧化物1,2-环氧丙烷（PO）为促进凝胶剂，甲酰胺（FA）为干燥控制化学添加剂，采用溶胶-凝胶和常压干燥技术制备了氧化锆（ZrO2）气凝胶，并结合扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）等表征手段对所制备出的氧化锆气凝胶样品进行表征，结合表征结果，对不同原料比例的氧化锆气凝胶进行微观结构和形貌的分析，并探究不同原料配比对氧化锆气凝胶晶型的影响。采用常压干燥技术克服了原有超临界干燥技术的诸多不利因素，为常压干燥技术在制备气凝胶上的可行性提供了数据依据，为发展、完善高性能氧化锆气凝胶制备工艺、理论及为实现大规模气凝胶的生产提供可能。48962

毕业论文关键词：氧化锆；气凝胶；溶胶-凝胶；常压干燥

Abstract

ZrO2 aerogels were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel process and ambient pressure drying using ZrCl4 as a precursor, 1,2-propylene oxide (PO) as a gelation agent, and formamide (FA) as a drying control chemical additive (DCCA). The prepared Zirconia aerogel samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to the characterization results, we can analyzing microstructure and morphology of these aerogel specimens of different raw material ratio, and exploring the influence of different raw material ratio on crystal type of Zirconia aerogel. Ambient pressure drying overcomes some adverse factors of original supercritical drying technique. This experiment has provided an effective data basis for the feasibility of preparating the aerogel by ambient pressure drying and has made developing and improving the preparation technology and theory of the high-performance Zirconia aerogel and realizing mass production of aerogel to possible.   

Key words:Zirconia；Aerogel；Sol-gel；Ambient pressure drying

目录

1文献综述 4

1.1 课题背景 4

1.2 氧化锆气凝胶的发展概况 4

1.3 氧化锆气凝胶的结构和性质 5

1.3.1 氧化锆气凝胶的结构 5

1.3.2 氧化锆气凝胶的性质 6

1.4氧化锆气凝胶的制备及应用 6

1.4.1氧化锆气凝胶的制备方法 6

1.4.2氧化锆气凝胶的应用 7

1.5 课题研究意义及研究内容 8

1.5.1研究意义 8

1.5.2研究内容 8

1.6实验思路 8

2实验部分 10

2.1实验药品与设备 10

2.2实验流程 11

2.3实验方案 13

2.3.1原料的配比、用量及实验正交表 13

2.3.2实验方案表 15

2.3.3实验步骤 17

3实验结果与讨论 19

3.1 凝胶用时及现象记录 19

3.2 凝胶现象的观察 20

3.3 实验表征 21

3.3.1 凝胶时间柱状图 21

3.3.2 扫描电镜（SEM）表征 22

3.3.3 X射线衍射（XRD）表征