摘要：本论文主要内容是变色有机酸的研制，并对实验选出的有机酸的变色指示性能做进一步测试。化学清洗剂的种类和组成：按照清洗剂化学性质的差异，通常将其分为中性清洗剂、碱性清洗剂、酸性清洗剂、螯合清洗剂及有机清洗剂等，中性清洗剂由具有润湿、乳化、增溶作用的表面活化剂、缓蚀剂及水等构成。碱性清洗剂由硅酸钠、磷酸三钠等碱性化合物及表面活性剂、缓蚀剂和水组成。酸性清洗剂由盐酸、磷酸、氢氟酸、氨基磺酸、草酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、等无机酸和有机酸以及缓蚀剂和水构成。螯合清洗剂由乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)等螯合剂、缓蚀剂和水组成，溶液多为中性或碱性。有些还会针对具体情况，清洗剂中还可以含有助溶剂、还原剂、铜离子掩蔽剂及其他助剂[3]。

本次实验主要采用3种有机酸做研究对象，分别是柠檬酸，乙酸（冰醋酸），甲酸。本次实验主要是为了研究柠檬酸在清除铁锈的同时是否有足够的能力也将碳酸钙清除，所以通过本次实验找出柠檬酸溶解碳酸钙的最佳条件，柠檬酸在溶解碳酸钙时。50497

毕业论文关键词：有机酸；清洗剂；柠檬酸；乙酸；甲酸；变色。

Development of discoloration organic cleaning agent

Abstract: The main content of this paper is to develop discoloration of organic acids, organic acids and selected experiments indicate that the performance of discoloration do further testing.

Species composition and chemical cleaning agent: cleaning agent according to the chemical nature of the differences, usually pided into neutral detergent, alkaline cleaning agents, acidic cleaning agents, chelating agents and cleaning organic cleaning agents, neutral detergent by the wetting, emulsification and solubilization of surfactants, corrosion inhibitors and water, and the like. Alkaline cleaners from sodium silicate, trisodium basic compound and a surfactant, corrosion inhibitor, and water. Acidic cleaning agents from the hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, an amino acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and other inorganic and organic acids and corrosion inhibitor, and water. Cleaning the chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and other chelating agents, corrosion inhibitors and water, the solution is more alkaline or neutral. Some will be for the specific circumstances, the cleaning agent can also contain a co-solvent, reducing agent, copper ions, masking agents and other additives

 Key words: Organic acids; cleaning agent; citric acid; acetic acid; formic acid; discoloration.

 目  录

1绪论··3

   1.1课题研究背景···3

   1.2化学清洗剂的发展现状···3

   1.3文献综述·5

      1.3.1有机酸清洗剂的介绍···5

      1.3.2有机酸清洗剂的分类···5

      1.3.3柠檬酸清洗剂6

      1.3.4 甲酸···9

      1.3.5乙酸···10

2实验部分···11

2.1实验仪器与药品·11

2.1.1 主要原料11

      2.1.2主要仪器设备···11

2.2 不同浓度柠檬酸清洗剂清洗碳酸钙水垢··11

      2.2.1 制备方法12

      2.2.2碳酸钙水垢的制备·12

      2.2.3柠檬酸溶解碳酸钙水垢···12

2.3 不同浓度的甲酸溶解碳酸钙水垢···12

      2.3.1不同浓度的甲酸溶液的配置·13