部分广义栎属的细胞学研究+文献综述
关键词：壳斗科；细胞学；核型分析；染色体
Preliminary Cytological study of Quercus s.l.
Abstract: Quercus s.l. is an important edificators in forests throughout the northern hemisphere, but there is no systematic cytological and karyotype study on these species. In this paper, detailed karyotype analyses of five species of Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis, five species of subgenus Quercus and two species of Lithocarpus were examined. Chromosome number of all the species investigated is 2n=24. The karyotype of all these species is 8sm+16m except Q. pungens, which is 24m (Levan system). All are 2B (Stebbins system) except Q. Glaucoides in subgenus Cyclobalanopsis, which is 2A; except Q. pungens in subgenus Quercus, which is 1A. And two species of Lithocarpus are 2A. The chromosome number of Lithocarpus and Quercus are conserve (all 2n=24) and the karyotypes of 2 are similar in the average arm ratio, centromeric index and intrachromosomic asymmetry index. The longest/shortest chromosome ratios of 10 species within Quercus s.l. are very similar, but are significantly different to that of the two species of Lithocarpus. The karyotypes of subgenus Quercus and subgenus Cyclobalanopsis are very similar, which indicated the closer genetic relationship comparing to other genus of Fagaceae. These results support the morphological study of Quercus s.l. that subgenus Cyclobalanopsis were subgeneric taxon of Quercus.
Keywords：Fagaceae；cytological；karyotype analysis；chromosome
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 广义栎属的概念 1
1.2 细胞学研究意义 1
1.3 国内外对于国产栎属植物核型研究的概况及必要性 1
1.4 本研究涉及的广义栎属与石栎属植物的形态学及产地分布资料[1] 2
1.4.1滇青冈（Quercus schottkyana Rehd .et. Wils.） 2
1.4.2多脉青冈（Q. glauca Thunb.） 2
1.4.3 栎子青冈（Q. blakei Skan） 2
1.4.4 曼青冈（Q. oxyodon Miq.） 3
1.4.5 毛叶青冈（Q. kerrii Craib） 3
1.4.6 槲栎（Q. aliena Bl.） 3
1.4.7 乌冈栎 （Q. phillyraeoides A.Gray） 3
1.4.8 岩栎（Q. acrodonta Seem.） 4
1.4.9 光叶石栎（L. mairei Schott.） 4
1.4.10 硬斗石栎（L. hancei Benth.） 4
2 材料与方法 5
2.1 材料 5
2.2 预处理液 5
2.3 染色体制片 5
2.3.1 材料培养 5
2.3.2 预处理 5
2.3.3 固定 5
2.3.4 解离 5