摘要：以大秃马勃为研究对象，优化了大秃马勃多糖提取工艺条件，并对大秃马勃水提液和醇沉复溶液进行了成分分析和抗氧化性、抑菌性活性评价，研究了马勃多糖提取物作为化妆品功效成分的可行性。热水浸提法最优提取条件料液比为1g：47.5ml，90℃提取2小时，多糖得率约为9.4%。超声辅助提取能提高多糖得率约8%左右，提取液含有黄酮、多肽、氨基酸、蛋白质等物质。其水提液的DPPH清除率约为79%，其对ABTS清除率约为75%，其羟自由基清除率在稀释约10倍后与抗坏血酸浓度7mg/ml的抗氧化能力相当，而其对过氧化氢几乎没有清除效果，而其醇沉复溶液氧化能力略高于其水提液，并且分级醇沉比直接醇沉的抗氧化效果更显著，而它们的抗氧化能力则大部分来自于多糖，其对大肠杆菌和酵母菌有一定抑菌能力，对铜绿假单胞杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌能力则较弱。膏霜以及化妆水在加入大秃马勃水提液后，保湿性能以及肤感得到得到一定改善。

关键词：大秃马勃；多糖；提取条件；清除率；抑菌

Extraction and Activity Analysis of Water-soluble Active Substance

Abstract: The research conditions of the extraction of Polysaccharum dabrinus polysaccharides were optimized. The components of the extracts were analyzed and the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the extracts were evaluated. Feasibility. The optimum extraction conditions of hot water extraction method is the ratio of material to liquid: 1g: 47.5ml, and extracting at 90°C for 2 hours, the yield of polysaccharide is about 9.4%. Ultrasound-assisted extraction can improve the yield of polysaccharides by about 8%. The extract contains flavonoids, peptides, amino acids, proteins and other substances. The DPPH clearance rate of its aqueous extract is about 79%, its ABTS clearance rate is about 75%, and its hydroxyl radical scavenging rate is equivalent to the antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid concentration 7mg/ml after being diluted about 10 times. Hydrogen peroxide has almost no scavenging effect, and its alcohol-resolved solution oxidizes slightly more than its aqueous extract,  and  the  grading  alcohol  precipitation  has  more  significant  antioxidant  effect than direct alcohol precipitation, and most of their antioxidant capacity comes from Polysaccharides, which have a certain antibacterial activity against E. coli and yeasts, have weaker antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Cream and lotion After adding the bald water extract, the moisturizing performance and skin feel have been improved.

Keywords: Large bald puffball; Polysaccharide; Extraction conditions; Clearance rate

目录

摘要 i

Abstract iii

目录 v

1绪论 1

1.1真菌多糖的研究进展 1

1.1.1真菌多糖概述 1

1.1.2真菌多糖的提取方法 1

1.1.3真菌多糖的活性评价 2

1.2马勃多糖的研究进展 2

1.2.1马勃概述 2

1.2.2马勃的化学成分研究 3

1.2.3马勃多糖的提取 3

1.3马勃多糖的开发与应用 4

1.3.1马勃多糖的药理活性优势 4

1.3.2马勃多糖的应用前景 4

1.3.3马勃多糖作为保健食品的开发