摘  要：本文主要以伊洛瓦底流域1992-2015年ESA CCI土地覆被数据作为数据源，采用缓冲区分析法，借助ArcGIS等软件，分析了24年间伊洛瓦底流域土地覆被时空变化，并将其与土地利用，城市化进程两大人类活动相联系，得出以下几点结论：

（1）1992-2015植被变化的时空特征

研究时间区段内，伊洛瓦底流域植被覆盖面积在持续减少，居民区面积在不断扩大，在地图上主要集中发生在中上游重要城市及下游三角洲地区。减少的植被类型主要是灌木丛及草地。灌木面积急剧减少，至2015年已经降至5747km2，不足原先的三成。

（2）植被变化与人类活动的关系

研究结果显示，植被变化与人类活动存在对应联系，不同的人类活动会对覆被造成不同影响。伊洛瓦底流域的土地利用在一定程度上破坏了土地的自然植被表面，无论是城市建设还是农田开垦都损害了植被系统。24年间曼德勒城市发展迅速，居民区面积扩大了近2倍，相应的，植被覆盖锐减，林地等已经不成规模。这种情况在城市发展的早期比较普遍，粗放式的开发给经济发展带来巨大动力，但也给环境造成了毁灭性的打击。这种现象在很长一段时间内都将持续存在。

该论文有图11幅，参考文献20篇。

关键词：土地覆被  人类活动  伊洛瓦底流域 

Analysis on the Characteristics of Land Cover Change in the Irrawaddy Basin

Abstract

Based on the land cover data of the Irrawaddy Basin from 1992 to 2015, the thesis analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation in the Irrawaddy Basin during the past 24 years by using the buffer zone analysis method and the ArcGIS software, and combines it with the land use and the process of urbanization.

Conclusions are drawn as follow:

(1)Spatial and temporal characteristics of vegetation change from 1992 to 2015

In the study period, the vegetation coverage of the Irrawaddy basin kept decreasing while the residential area is expanding.It happened in more important cities in the upper and middle reaches and the delta area in the lower reaches. The types of vegetation whose cover area reduced are mainly shrubs and grasslands. The shrub area has fallen sharply, to 5747 square kilometers by 2015, less than 30% of the original.

(2) Relationship between vegetation change and human activities

The results show that there is a relationship between vegetation change and human activities.Various human activities have different effects on land cover. To some extent ,the land use such as urban construction and farmland reclamation destroy the surface of the natural vegetation and damage the vegetation system in the Irrawaddy Basin. The Mandalay has developed rapidly in the past twenty four years, and the area of residential has nearly tripled. Accordingly, vegetation cover reduces sharply.Woodland is at a small scale. This situation is common in the early days of urban development.It is good for economy to manage extensively , but also has a devastating impact on the environment. This phenomenon will last for a long time.

There are 11 drawings and 20 references in this paper.

Key Words: land cover  human activities   Irrawaddy Basin

目  录

摘要Ⅰ

Abstract-Ⅱ

目录Ⅳ

图清单-Ⅵ

1 绪论-1

1.1研究背景与意义1

1.2国内外研究现状2

2数据与方法4

2.1课题研究主要内容-4

2.2研究区概况4

2.3课题研究方案-7

2.4技术路线-8

3. 伊洛瓦底流域土地覆被与高程分析8

3.1伊洛瓦底流域土地高程分布状况-8

3.2土地覆被的高程分布状况9