摘要土壤属性空间插值方法及其精度是土壤科学领域内的重要研究内容，本文在 ArcGIS 地统计模块的支持下，利用青海湖流域 111 个采样点的土壤钾含量数据， 对研究区土壤钾含量的空间分布进行预测并对比各类插值方法的预测误差和插 值效果分布图。70798

本文首先介绍土壤属性插值的方法，包括反距离加权、局部多项式、径向基 函数、普通克里格、简单克里格和泛克里格[1]。其次介绍了精度检验的方法：交 叉检验和预测数据集检验。最后比较各插值方法的精度以及结合研究区域内的土 壤类型分布和土地利用类型分布分析土壤钾含量空间分异特征。

研究结果表明,研究区域采样点的土壤钾含量呈正态分布，土壤钾含量较高 的区域在研究区北部。栗钙土的土壤钾含量基本高于其他土壤类型；离青海湖较 远的外圈区域，草甸的土壤钾含量高于草原的土壤钾含量。

毕业论文关键词：土壤属性 差值模型 空间分异 青海湖流域

Study on establishment of high precision models and Spatial Variation of soil properties in Qinghai Lake River Basin

Abstract Spatial interpolation method of soil properties and its accuracy is an important research field in soil science. This paper is supported by the ArcGIS's  statistics module according to 111 sampling points of the soil potassium  content, forecasting the spatial distribution of soil potassium content in the study area, and comparing of various interpolation methods of prediction error and the interpolation result distribution map.

This paper first introduces the soil property interpolation method, including Inverse Distance Weight, Local Polynomial Interpolation, Radial Basis Function, Ordinary Kriging, Simple Kriging and Universal Kriging. Secondly, it introduces the method of accuracy test, including the cross validation and verification data set test. Finally, compare the accuracy of each interpolation method and analyze the spatial variation characteristics of soil potassium content according to the soil type distribution in the study area and the distribution of land use types.

The results show that the distribution of sampling point of the soil potassium content in the study area was positively state. The soil potassium content was higher in the northern part of the study area. And the soil potassium content of chestnut soil was higher in other soil types. The soil potassium content in meadow soil was higher than that of grassland in the outer ring region far from Qinghai Lake.

Key Words: soil  property interpolating model spatial variability Qinghai Lake River Basin

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

目 录 III

图清单 IV

表清单 IV

变量注释表 IV

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究目的 1

2 研究区与采样数据 2

2.1 研究区概况 2

2.2 土壤样品采集与分析 3

3  研究方法 5

3.1 统计分析方法