海面溢油的多光谱检测方法研究
毕业论文关键词 海洋溢油 光谱 偏振 穆勒矩阵
Title Study on Multi-Spectrum Detecting of Oil Spill on Marine
Abstract Marine oil spill accidents have caused huge damage to the marine ecological environment, human health, economic and social development. For marine spill oil, this paper gives a summary of its harmfulness, and reviews the researchers’ research results for detection, warning and handling of marine oil spill at home and abroad. The paper discusses the principle and theoretical basis of oil spill detection with infrared spectrum, ultraviolet spectrum and visible spectrum, pointing out their shortcomings. It was found that oil film was highlighted in the image and the difference of oil film and water surface reflectivity in distinct UV band is different by the UV spectrum experiments. The paper introduces the polarization experiment device, and gives the method of Stockes vector and Mueller matrix deduction. The result of the polarization experiment was analyzed using simple words, pointing out that the polarization detection in oil spill detection expands the information dimension. Use available IR image about oil film on the sea from the Internet to conduct analysis.
Keywords Marine Oil Spill Spectrum Polarization Mueller Matrix
目次
1引言1
1.1研究背景及意义1
1.2国内外研究现状4
1.3本文所做的工作5
2溢油检测的基本原理及方法综述7
2.1传统光学方法检测机理…7
2.2偏振方法检测机理…10
3溢油光谱实验及图像、数据处理…14
3.1紫外光谱实验16
3.2可见光偏振实验…21
3.3红外光谱实验30
结论31
致谢32
参考文献33
1 引言 1.1 研究背景及意义 海洋石油资源勘探开发技术的进步和海上石油运输业的发展，增大了海上溢油污染的可能性。根据国际油轮船东污染组织（ITOPF）对于全球溢油事故次数及数量的统计数据[1]，1970~2014 年,全球共发生7 吨以上溢油事故1,814次，共造成溢油5,738,000 吨。尽管根据上两图，我们发现近年来溢油事故的次数及数量都有所下降，但溢油次数和数量依然居高不下，需要指出的是上述统计仅仅针对的是中型溢油（7~700吨）和大型溢油（>700吨），对于小型溢油事故，由于统计困难并未涉及。近几年来，伴随经济的快速发展，我国石油进口量大幅增加，根据中国海关总署的数据，2015年4月，中国日均进口石油 740万桶，小幅超过美国，成为全球第一大原油进口国[2]。我国进口石油大部分是通过海上运输进行的。此外，海洋石油勘探开发技术的进步使人类开采石油的手伸向了深海。我国附近海域石油污染事故频发，根据国家海洋局 2014年中国海洋状况公报[3]，石油类是我国河流携带入海的主要污染物之一，2010年大连新港“7.16”油污染事件、2011 年蓬莱19-3油田溢油事故等对我国近海造成巨大污染，而且油污清理往往不够彻底，遗留下的污染油只能够依靠海洋自身降解修复。