Digestion and Construction of Drama
——Analyzing the Modernity of Chekhov’s Drama from The Seagull
Abstract: The Aristotle's "Poetics" in writing theory is the western classical drama, manifested in two aspects, one is in the content, it emphasizes the external movement, collision, another is in the form, in order to focus on the concise, it is linked to the plot structure, namely " the whole plot" principle. Chekhov's drama "Aristotle" subverted the drama criterion. In the content, Chekhov played down the "Aristotle" drama's "external conflict", created the "internal conflict"; in the form, Chekhov created "the whole structure of the mind" instead of "Aristotle's drama'' and "plot completeness" structure, opened up a new form of modern drama. "Seagull" has a new breakthrough in content and form of the traditional drama, fully embodies the characteristics of Chekhov's modern drama. The modern property into the drama of Chekhov's creative process, then both the "Uncle Vanya" and "Cherry Orchard" directly reflects the new drama law. Therefore, Chekhov has become the western drama in the history of classical drama over to the modern drama, he put an end to classical, opened a new modern drama rule, and has the lofty status and value in the history of development of Western drama.
Key Words: Chekhov; Drama; The Seagull; Modern Characteristics
摘 要1
Abstract 1
一、“亚里士多德”式戏剧的发展过程2
二、契诃夫戏剧现代性的典型代表——《海鸥》4
(一)内容上由“外部冲突”转变为“内部冲突”4
(二)形式上由“情节整一”转变为“心灵整一”5
三、对契诃夫戏剧的总体定位与评价7
(一)从《樱桃园》、《三姊妹》看契诃夫戏剧的现代性7
(二)对契诃夫戏剧的总体定位与评价8
参考文献9
致谢10
戏剧性的消解与建构——从《海鸥》看契诃夫戏剧的现代性
当今学界对契诃夫及其戏剧作品的研究越来越深入,所取得的成果,无论是在数量上还是在质量上都是很引人注目的。在契诃夫戏剧的现代性研究方面,童道明在《契诃夫戏剧的发现》里提出契诃夫的戏剧有“散文化”的倾向,认为契诃夫“把象征主义精神吸收到现实主义的机体中去,把现实主义戏剧提升到一个新天地”[1];他在《从<海鸥>看契诃夫对现代派的双重态度》中指出契诃夫借助有声有色的自然物象暗示人物微妙的内心世界,广泛地诉诸象征手段,在意识形态和创作倾向上和现代派划清了界限;酋平平在《试论<海鸥>的双重性——兼谈契诃夫对现代戏剧的贡献》一文中认为《海鸥》蕴含了爱情和艺术的双重主题,“直接现实”和“诗意概括”的双重结构,以及抒情性和象征性的双重艺术手法。这些研究成果都是极其具有代表性的,但是这些研究都没有明确分析出契诃夫对西方传统戏剧法则的突破和创新,而这一点正是契诃夫最伟大之处。忽视这一方面就不能很好地明确契诃夫戏剧的现代性究竟是什么,也就不能清晰认识契诃夫究竟在西方戏剧史中处于一个什么位置,进而也不能对他的戏剧创作做出一个客观、理性的评价。而本文研究的重点正在于此。笔者意图通过分析契诃夫的戏剧,提出契诃夫戏剧在内容上将传统戏剧中的冲突由“外部”转向“内心”,在形式上将传统戏剧情节结构由“情节整一”变为“心灵整一”的观点,来明确契诃夫对“亚里士多德”式戏剧的突破与创新,从而清晰契诃夫戏剧在西欧戏剧史上的现代性价值与意义。