摘要：随着在过去十年中的显著发展，基于有机卤化物钙钛矿材料制备的太阳能电池发电 效率已经达到了 20.1%。而对于钙钛矿纳米线的研究还很少。在本课题中，我们提供一种 可以通过扩散转变直接从钙钛矿薄膜制备 CH3NH3PbI3 纳米线的方法。 通过采用 CH3NH3PbI3 前驱溶液和三种混合溶剂：甲苯与 DMF、甲苯与 DMSO、甲苯与丁内酯， 来制备钙钛矿纳米线。改变这些溶剂的浓度观察其对纳米线形貌及平均直径的影响。结 果表明采用甲苯与 DMF 混合溶液作为溶剂滴涂的纳米线形貌最好，分析原因可能是有机 卤化物钙钛矿材料在 DMF 中的溶解度比较适中，能快速溶解部分钙钛矿薄膜，产生较多 的钙钛矿成核核心，使溶液较快发生溶解-重结晶过程。通过对比不同混合溶剂的浓度， 可以得出当甲苯与 DMF 体积比为 40：1 时得到的钙钛矿纳米线形貌最好。基于此制备的 钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率也最佳，达到 10.07%。

关键词  钙钛矿  纳米线  甲基铅胺 

毕 业设计 说明书 外文摘 要

Title  Syntheses and photoelectric properties characterizations of one-dimensional halide perovskite nanomaterials.                             

Abstract：With significant progress in the past decade, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells based on organolead halide perovskites have reached 20.1%. However, compared to perovskite thin films, the investigation on perovskite nanowires is rather limited. In this project, we demonstrate that methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) nanowires can be synthesized directly from perovskite film by a scalable conversion process. The perovskite nanowires were prepared by using CH3NH3PbI3 precursor solution and three mixed solvents: toluene and DMF, toluene and DMSO, toluene and butyrolactone. The effects of the morphology and average diameter of the nanowires were observed by changing the concentration of these solvents. The result shows that the morphology of nanowires with the mixed solution of toluene and DMF as the solvent are the best, and the reason is that the solubility of the organic halide perovskite material in DMF is relatively moderate, which can dissolve part of the perovskite film, More perovskite nucleation core, so that the dissolution- recrystallization process of the solution happened quickly. By comparing the concentration of different mixed solvents, it can be concluded that when the volume ratio of toluene to DMF is 40: 1, the morphology of perovskite nanowires is the best. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells prepared buy this is also the best, reaching 10.07%.

Keywords   perovskite      nanowire     CH3NH3PbI3

目 次

1  引言 . 1 

1.1  钙钛矿材料 . 1 

1.1.1  块体钙钛矿材料 ... 1 

1.1.2  低维钙钛矿材料 ... 2 

1.1.3  钙钛矿纳米线的制备 ... 3 

1.2  钙钛矿太阳能电池 ... 4 

1.2.1  钙钛矿太阳能电池简介 . 4 

1.2.2  钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能参数 ... 5 

1.3  选题目的与研究内容 . 6 

2  实验 . 8 

2.1  实验药品和设备 . 8 

2.2  钙钛矿纳米线的制备 . 9 

2.3  钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备  10 

2.4  钙钛矿纳米线的表征  10 

2.5  钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电性能表征  11 

3  实验结果及讨论 .. 12 

3.1 采用 N，N-二甲基酰胺（DMF）作为极性溶剂滴涂 .. 12