女性主义翻译理论对《小妇人》三个中文译本进行比较与研究(2)
1.2 The Author
Louisa May Alcott was an American novelist, born in 1832 and dead in 1888. Alcott was raised in a family where she met many well-known people.And that’s had a deep influence on her. Alcott’s father was a philosopher but also an utopianist. He was too fond of chasing his dream to raise a family. Thus Alcott went out to make money to support her family at a very young age. All she had toiled made the foundation for her later success. In 1868,a publisher advised her to write a book about girls so that she wrote little women according to her memory of her childhood. Many stories in this book rooted in Alcott’s real life.
2 Feminism Translation Theory
2.1 Feminist Translation Theory
To come up with feminist translation theory, we must talk about the feminist movement first. The feminist movement originated from the 18th century when the Liberal Feminism erupted. It requested gender equality that women should have the equal rights as men have.Gradually, the feminist movement spread to literature. As we know, women in 16th century in Europe were not allowed to write, only men being considered the one that can do it. All women can do was to translate what men wrote. “At that time,there are only two fields permitted for woman to do, which is translation, namely, religion and domestic scene”(Simon, 1996: 4). Thus we can see that women and translation had a very humble positions at that time. But male were at the dominant position. It was so that in the translation’s history, women and translation had been long connected with each other for both of them occupy a very low position.
People never spoke highly of those two and among these people, Gilles Menage was the most famous one, who said “les belles infidels”(Menage, 2004) . This sentence means “translation is the unfaithful beauty”. According to the explanation,both translation and women can not be attractive and truthful all at once. But in 18th century, when the feminist movement spread out, feminism can be pided into feminist practice and feminist theory, or in another word, feminist movement and feminist thought (Wu, 2000).
2.2 Feminist Translation Strategies
With the awakening of female awareness, gender awareness becomes a key issue when a translator translates the article. The reason why feminist translation theory is able to become an independent translation is that view points of this theory are quite out of the ordinary translation theories after the integration of translation with female colors. Professor Zhu Hong once said as follows:
It is different to write women from the female and male perspective. Sometimes, the female writer can convey the true feelings of women when confronted with the same women subject, while male writers will write it as a social problem. It is said that the writing style of women is different from that of men. ‘Bitterness’ in the original text is reflected by plots, which I can feel from my own experience. Without that kind of feeling, it is hard to reproduce that ‘bitterness’ in English (Mu Lei, 2002(2):10).
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