On Translating Introductions to Scenic Spots in Hangzhou from the  Perspective of Communicative Translation Abstract Hangzhou, as a historical and cultural city, is preferred by international tourists. The translation here are particularly important. However, there still exists many problems in the translation, respectively at lexical level, syntactic level and discourse level. In 1981, Peter Newmark came up with “semantic translation” and “communicative translation” in his book “Approaches to Translation”. His communicative translation is a good guidance for translation of introductions to scenic spots, non-literary work. This paper is aimed at exploring practical suggestions on how to translate introductions to scenic spots in Hangzhou from the perspective of communicative translation. Through collecting data directly from the scenic spots and professional books and journals relevant with tourism translation, this paper will give convincing and pointed suggestions.58251

Keywords: Hangzhou; scenic spots; suggestions; semantic translation

 交际翻译视角下的杭州景点简介词翻译

摘要杭州，作为一座历史文化古城，十分受到外国游客青睐。因此，杭州城的翻译显得尤其重要。然而，现今存在的旅游文本还有各种各样的问题,分别是词汇，句法以及语篇层面的错误。1981年，彼得·纽马克于其《翻译问题探讨》一书中，提出“语义翻译”与“交际翻译”。交际翻译对于景点介绍这一类非文学翻译具有指导意义。本文旨在通过纽马克的交际翻译理论分析杭州的景点简介翻译并给类似的文本翻译提供建议。通过直接从旅游景点收集简介材料以及与旅游文本相关的专业书籍、期刊，本文给出的建议将更有针对性以及说服力。

 毕业论文关键词：杭州；景点；建议；交际翻译

 Contents

Introduction 1

Chapter One. Literature Review 2

1.1 A Review of Relevant Studies Abroad and at Home 2

1.1.1 Domestic Studies 2

1.1.2 Overseas Studies 4

1.2 Existing problems 5

Chapter Two. Theoretical Framework 6

2.1 Overview 6

2.2 Semantic Translation and Communicative Translation 6

2.3 Text Types and Text Functions 7

Chapter Three. Translation of Introductions to Scenic Spots 8

3.1 Analysis of Introductions to Scenic Spots 8

3.1.1 Definition 8

3.1.2 Text Type and Text Functions 8

3.1.3 Difference between Chinese Texts and English Texts 8

3.2 Dominant Translation Method--Communicative Translation 9

3.3 Principles for Translation of Introductions to Scenic Spots 9

3.3.1 TL Readers Oriented 9

3.3.2 Chinese-Culture-Oriented 10

3.4 Mistakes in the Translation of Introductions to Scenic Spots in Hangzhou  10

3.4.1 Lexical Errors 10

3.4.2 Syntactic Errors 12

3.4.3 Discourse Errors 13

3.5 Translation Strategies