This paper studies the novel mainly from the perspective of Sartre’s Existentialism. Generally speaking, Sartre’s Existentialism mainly asserts the inpidual’s existence as prior to the inpidual’s essence and demonstrates that free will exists. Sartre describes the nature of two types of being: “being-in-itself” and “being-for-itself”. Being-in-itself is something that can only be approached by human-being, while being-for-itself is the being of consciousness. This paper employs Sartre’s theory about “Bad Faith” or “Self-deception”, which essentially means that people must believe that their social role is equivalent to their human existence, and they cannot transcend their situations in order to realize what they must be and what they are not. Besides that, this paper agrees with Sartre’s idea about “Nothingness”. In physical world, human-beings are constrained to make continuous, conscious choices, but these conscious choices run counter to their intellectual freedom. Any person of a serious nature is subject to continuous struggle between the conscious desire for peaceful self-fulfillment, and the spontaneity of being instantaneously free to overturn one’s roles and strike out new paths. The theory of “Self-deception” and “Nothingness” can appropriately explain the paper’s arguments about the clones’ physical complex and the way of life they choose.  来.自/吹冰论|文-网www.chuibin.com/

The subject of this paper, “the new and the old world”, comes from the ending part of the novel, when the manager of Hailsham confessed what she saw from a dancing little girl. 

When I watched you dancing that day, I saw something else. I saw a new world coming rapidly. More scientific, efficient, yes. More cures for the old sickness. Very good. But a harsh, cruel world. And I saw a little girl, her eyes tightly closed, holding to her the old kind world, one that she knew in her heart could not remain, and she was holding it and pleading, never let her go. (Ishiguro 137)

Although scholars have studied many aspects, they have not given the details of the “old world” in the clones’ heart, and the real world they will face in the future . The subject is what the paper intends to discuss. Therefore, this paper is designed to analyze the “two worlds” in the novel from the perspective of the clones, and the “two worlds” allusion to the real world. The main body is pided into three parts.

The first chapter presents an “old world” mainly from the clones’ childhood in Hailsham. On the one hand, Hailsham is a sweet homeland that provides the clones with the right of education and communication by the way of artistic training and special activities that develops their basic abilities to get adapted to social life. Their memories in Hailsham also helps them sustain the difficulties when they begin to accept their fate. On the other hand, although life in Hailsham is an inseparable part of the clones’ life, the education in Hailsham is in nature a kind of destruction to their construction of recognition of the outside world, thus causing them to have false expectations of their future life.