摘要：氧化镧是稀土重要产品之一，我国具有丰富的镧资源，因此对生产工艺改进，提高产品性能。本文主要采用六水硝酸镧为原料，氨水为沉淀剂，以多种高聚物（如PAMAM、聚乙二醇、丙三醇）为模板剂，利用模板法合成出具有特殊形貌（如针簇状和片状等）的纳米氧化镧。系统考察了合成工艺、沉淀剂浓度及PAMAM模板剂种类和用量等对纳米产物的形貌、尺寸、紫外吸收等性质的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）表征产物的结构，通过粒径分析仪和扫描电子显微镜分析产物粒径和表观形貌，用紫外可见分光光度计测试样品的吸光率。结果表明，在不同模板剂下得到的产品的形貌，粒径基本上是有区别的。加了模板剂表征效果更好，改变氨水浓度，表征效果与文献相同。52402

关键词：氧化镧；模板剂；模板法；结构表征

Synthesis and characterization of nano rare earth oxide by template method

Abstract：Lanthanum oxide is one of the important products of light race earth is extremely rich resources. This paper using precipitation method, hydrothermal synthesis method, with Lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate as raw material and ammonia as the precipitating agent, synthesized nano Lanthanum oxide with special morphology (such as needle cluster, tablets) with polymers (such as PAMAM, polyethylene glycol, glycerin) as template. Systematically studied the effect of synthesis process, precipitation agent concentration and PAMAM template type and dosage to morphology, size, UV absorption properties of nano products. Using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Infrared Rpectrum (FTIR) characterized the structure of the product, by particle size analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyzed the particle size and apparent morphology, uv-vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) to test the absorbance of the sample. The results show that the morphology and size of the products obtained under different templates are basically different.Adding the template agent to better characterize the effect, change the concentration of ammonia, the characterization of the effect is basically no change.

Key Words：La2O3; Template Agent; Template Method; Structure Characterization   

 目  录

1 文献综述 1

1.1 纳米材料简介 1

1.1.1 纳米材料的定义 1

1.1.2 纳米材料的结构 1

1.1.3 纳米材料的特性 2

1.2 纳米材料的制备方法概述 3

1.2.1 模板辅助沉淀法 3

1.2.2 模板辅助水热法 3

1.2.3 溶剂热法 4

1.2.4 溶胶-凝胶法 4

1.3 稀土纳米材料的研究进展 4

1.3.1 稀土元素性质 4

1.3.2 稀土纳米材料的制备 5

1.3.3 稀土纳米材料应用 5

1.4 氧化镧的应用领域与发展前景 6

1.4.1 稀土纳米氧化物的制备 6

1.4.2 纳米稀土氧化物粉末的制备 7

1.5 选题依据 8

1.5.1 选题背景 8

1.5.2 研究内容 8

2 实验部分 9

2.1 原料与试剂