摘要: 本文采用一种比较新型的残余应力测量方法—比容差法，测量不同类型的复合材料的体积（或比容），并用此方法求出其材料内部的三维残余应力。用阿基米德法即比容差法测量冷镦铝层深方向、复合板层深方向以及不锈钢棒的残余应力，并用传统的残余应力测量方法—盲孔法进行验证。结果表明比容差法可精确且定量的测量出不同种类的材料内部的残余应力，并且与盲孔法测量的结果吻合较好。比容差法的可行性验证成功后，分别制备出不同厚度，不同配比的镍基合金与管线钢的复合板材料，将其制备好后先进行拉伸实验测出其物理性能，然后再用阿基米德法即比容差法进行残余应力的测量。通过对实验结果数据的分析，对复合板的性能进行讨论。80986

毕业论文关键词：复合材料；残余应力；比容差法；小孔法；力学性能

Performance Characterization of Composite Materials and Measurement of Residual Stresses

Abstract: In this paper, a new type of residual stress measurement method, specific tolerance method, is used to measure the volume (or specific capacity) of different types of composites, and the three-dimensional residual stress inside the material is obtained by this method。 The depth of the cold heading aluminum layer, the depth direction of the composite plate layer and the residual stress of the stainless steel rod were measured by the Archimedes method, and the residual stress was measured by the traditional residual stress measurement method。 The results show that the tolerance method can accurately and quantitatively measure the residual stress inside the different kinds of materials, and it is in good agreement with the results of the blind hole method。 After the feasibility of the tolerance method is verified, the composite materials of stainless steel and carbon steel with different thickness and different ratio are prepared respectively。 After the preparation of the composite plate material, the physical properties are measured and then the physical properties are measured。 The Archimedes method is used to measure residual stresses than the tolerance method。 The performance of the composite panel was discussed by analyzing the experimental data。

Keywords：composite material; residual stress; ratio tolerance method; small hole method; mechanical properties

目  录

1  绪论 1

1。1 层状金属复合材料简介 1

1。2 残余应力的定义 1

1。2。1 残余应力是如何产生 2

1。2。2残余应力的危害 2

1。2。3影响残余应力的因素 3

1。3  残余应力的主要测量方法 3

1。3。1  X射线衍射法 3

1。3。2盲孔法 4

1。4比容差法测量残余应力 5

1。5  选题的目的和意义 5

1。6  课题的研究内容 6

2  实验材料及试验方法 7

2。1实验材料 7

2。1。1实验材料的制备方案 8

2。1。2实验设备信息 8

2。2  试验方法设计 10

2。2。1冷镦尺寸设计 10

2。2。2不锈钢棒的锯切与退火设计