Abstract：In modern society, the ecological problem has been the focus of developments. The literary world has begun to combine literary works with ecology, promoting ecological holism and coordinating the relationship between humans and non-humans. With the appearance of ecocriticism, scholars began to study the ecological thoughts contained in literary works from this perspective, and tried to analyze the ideological and cultural roots of ecological crisis. Melville’s Moby Dick and Faulkner’s The Bear are two famous animal novels. It makes the protagonists have the opposite life ending that they differ in their attitudes toward nature, the way to get along with their peers, the changing in self-perception. From the perspective of ecocriticism, this thesis contrasts the two books and analyzes ecological ideas from the relationship between human and nature, the relationship between people, and the relationship between human and self. Finally, this thesis proposes the way to establish a harmonious and ecological society. Human and nature should respect each other; human should have an equal coexistence with other people, and maintain harmony between people and self.

Keyword: Moby Dick; The Bear; ecocriticism; nature

生态批评视角下《白鲸》与《熊》的比较研究

摘 要：生态问题日渐成为人们在现代社会发展过程中的焦点。文学界开始将文学作品与生态学相结合，提倡生态整体主义，协调人类与非人类的关系。随着生态批评的出现，学者们开始从这一角度研究文学作品中蕴含的生态思想，尝试分析出生态危机的思想文化根源。麦尔维尔的《白鲸》和福克纳的《熊》是两本著名的动物小说，白鲸和熊都象征着大自然，小说中主人公对于大自然的不同态度，与同伴不同的相处方式,以及对自我不同认知使得他们拥有截然相反的人生结局。本文在生态批评的角度下，从自然与人的关系，人与人之间的关系，以及在自然中人与自我的关系这三个角度对这两本小说进行全面对比分析。最后本文提出，想要建立一个和谐的、生态的社会，人与自然应该互相尊重，人与人应该平等共处，人与自我之间保持生态和谐。

关键词：《白鲸》； 《熊》； 生态批评；自然

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Herman Melville and Moby Dick 1

1.2 William Cuthbert Faulkner and The Bear 2

1.3 The Research Method and Structure of This Thesis 3

2. Literature Review 4

2.1 The Theory of Ecocriticism 4

2.2 Relative Researches at Home and Abroad 4

2.3 The Significance of Ecocriticism 5

3. The Relation between Human and Nature Represented by Ahab and Isaac 6

3.1 Ahab’s Hostility to Nature 6

3.1.1 Desire of Ruling the Sea 6

3.1.2 Powerful Chaser to Moby Dick 7

3.2 Isaac’s Sincere Attitude towards Nature 7

3.2.1 Dialogue with Nature 8

3.2.2 Reverence for Old Ben 8

4. The Interpersonal Relationship in Moby Dick and The Bear 9

4.1 Twisted Interpersonal Relationship in Moby Dick 9

4.1.1 Strict Social Hierarchy 9

4.1.2 Indifference towards Others