论英汉互译中被动句的翻译(2)
In the early 1920s, some scholars at home began to study passive voice, which gradually become a significant part of the language study. Internationally, the study is carried on mainly from the perspective of the rhetorical function, the grammar, the different characteristics of Chinese and English, and the cultural distinctions, etc. R.Quirk talks about the translation of passive voice in his book A Grammar Con-temporary English when he refers to the complex grammar structure in technical English. In Syntactic Structure, Chomsky analyzes that active voice and passive voice are two different superficial structures, with the same meaning. In 1981, Newmark explored the theory of translation techniques that can be used to translate passive voice. Language and Culture Context in Translating(2001) draws quintessence from Language, Culture and Translating and Contexts in Translating , in which Eugene A, Nida analyzes close connection between language and culture from different flanks, expounds how to deal with various relations and problems from the angel of language context as well as elaborates his own opinions on the translation of passives. Currently, scholars at home have began to study the translation of passive voice through the framing theory, equivalence theory and schema theory at the aim of finding out better methods of translation. Comparatively, the concrete and detailed research of passive voice turns out to be more helpful.
Given this intention, the paper is written to study more concrete and detailed information about the translation of passive voice. And in order to get a better understanding of the inter-translation of passive voice, the paper focuses on the analysis of the comparison of passive voice, the translation theories, the possible problems during the translation process, translation principles, the translation methods and translation techniques. The research gives a top priority to the analysis on the foreignization and domestication, and cultural reappearance, free translation and literal translation. Only in this way can we grasp the authentic translation essentials of the inter-translation of passive voice.
II. The Comparison of Passive Voice Between Chinese and English
The study of passive voice has been the focus of research in linguistic circle for several decades. In academic circle, one who firstly referred to Chinese passive voice is Li Jinxi(1924).
In 1950s, the academic circle has began to discuss “what is the problem of passive voice?”. The phenomenon of Chinese passive voice exists in the ancient times, but the concept of passive voice is borrowed from abroad. Now it is acknowledged that there is passive voice in Chinese grammar. In 1972, English linguist Randolph Quirk published a book A Grammar of Contemporary English. The book discussed whether a passive sentence has a doer of the action in the process of communication. A linguist Jespersen once gave a deep study of the active sentence and the passive sentence, and proposed his own opinions on the use of passive sentence. During the communication, it should use the two voices alternately in accordance with the actual demand.
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