英语语言中的性别差异的对比研究
I want to express my first sincere thanks to Xu Jing, my supervisor, who has generously shared her inspirational and provocative ideas during many of our face-to-face discussion sessions. It is she who has constantly offered me advice from the selection of the subject of my graduation paper to the completion of the final draft. She taught me much not only in my study but also in my life. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.
Also, I am grateful to other Professors in Shanghai Institute of Technology, who have enlightened and enriched my knowledge with their wonderful lectures.
I am also grateful to all the classmates and friends who have given me generous support and helpful advice in the past few years.
I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.
Abstract
People are the creators and users of language, so gender pision can be reflected in the process of creating and using language by people. Belonging to different gender cultures, the male and female have different gender languages and communicative rules, and also have different understanding of the same speech act. Thus, study on gender differences is an important branch of sociolinguistics. With the time development, communicative phenomena and social and cultural factors interact with each other greatly. It is of tremendous influence on discovering complicated social factors and profound cultural significance in communications by comparing the differences between the male and female in communicative styles.
The paper serves the purpose of further understanding the gender differences in communication styles, finding out the profound reasons causing communicative misinterpretation, and promoting effective cross-gender communication. The author attempts several areas where differences of the language styles between men and women exist: phonology, vocabulary, syntax, topic choice and communication strategy, and analyze the causes of gender differences from physical, psychological, culture and social factors. Furthermore, the essential reason causing misunderstanding in male-female communication is that the male and female do not understand each other’s communicative styles. Males focus on exchanging information and narrating details, while females pay attention to communication. At the same time, the thesis points out corresponding solutions to these misinterpretations, in the hope of helping people enhance their awareness of gender differences, improve their communicative competence, avoid or decrease misinterpretations and conflicts in cross-gender communication, and carry through communication more effectively.
Key Words: cross-gender communication, English language differences, reasons
摘要
人是语言的创造者和使用者，那么人的性别之分自然也会在人们创造和使用语言的过程中有所反映。由于分属不同的性别文化，男性和女性有着不同的性别语言和交际规则，对相同的言语行为也有不同的理解。因此性别差异研究是社会语言学的一个重要方面。随着时代的发展，语言现象与社会文化因素发生越来越多的交互作用。了解男性和女性在交际风格方面的不同之处，对发现交际过程中言语行为中所蕴含的复杂的社会因素和深刻的文化意义有重大作用。5985
这篇论文的写作宗旨是深入了解男性与女性交流风格方面的差异，找出男女交际失误的主要原因，促进跨性别交际的顺利进行。本文从音位学、词汇、句法、话题选择和交流策略等方面分析了男女语言差异，并从生理、心理、文化和社会因素解释了导致这些差异的原因。此外，本文还分析了由性别差异所造成的误解，结果发现造成男女交际过程中误解的本质原因是彼此不了解对方的交际风格。男性偏重信息交流，交谈以讲述事情为主，男性说话的目的在于传递信息，而女性更多的在于交流情感。同时，本文还指出消除误解的相应办法，旨在帮助人们在跨性别交际过程中增强性别差异意识，提高跨性别交际能力，避免或减少误解和冲突，能更有效地进行交际。
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