论《鲁滨逊漂流记》中的个人主义(2)
Robinson’s self-reliance, self-improvement, and self-struggle reflected the characteristics of inpidualism (J.Y. Wang 85-87). On the island, although he was alone, he never wanted to give up. Instead, he lived there bravely and created survival conditions and tools on his own. It was his own efforts that made him survive. Robinson possessed adventurous spirit, which was marked with author’s autobiography (Jing 87). This paper aims to analyze the inpidualism in Robinson Crusoe, discussing the reflection and influence of inpidualism in Robin Crusoe, and making the influence and significance of inpidualism clear.
II. A General Study of Inpidualism
Inpidualism is the core of the bourgeois world outlook, and the fundamental principle of bourgeois morality. In the western world, with the independence of economic, people gradually pursue political rights and personal freedom. Consequently, that leads to the outbreak of the emergent bourgeois revolution, and in the process of revolution and after it, inpidualism gets a further development. Therefore, inpidualism becomes the dominant idea in the revolution period(Wiener 48).
2.1 The Definition of Inpidualism
Inpidualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook and emphasizes the moral worth of the inpidual. Inpidualism rebels against authority and all actions that attempt to control person, particularly those imposed by country or society. Therefore inpidualism is directly against collectivism that puts personal status under society or community. Inpidualism is often confused with egoism, but in fact, inpidualism and egoism are different. Otherwise, inpidualism is the elements of classical liberalism. Inpidualism, which is the product of western culture, has its special historical background. The ancient environment, modern Renaissance and religious reform all express the formation of western inpidualism. Inpidualism is not equal to being self-centered or selfish.
From the philosophy, inpidualism belongs to typical western capitalist political philosophy and social philosophy. It emphasizes that the government should protest the inpidual interests and prevents someone from interfering or infringing their interests. The inpidual value is very important. Meanwhile, inpidualism is also a kind of value system. That is, inpidualism is the core of all values and the ultimate goal, and society is just the inpidual methods and conditions. Besides, the moral is that all men are created equally, and everyone has the right to make your life anything you wish. In addition, inpidualism is also a theory of human nature. That is to say, a normal adult have the freedom to choose and achieve life goals. Anyone should not be used as a tool for others’ happiness.
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