浅谈汉英互译中语序差异(2)
Some papers have investigated the trait of word order with comparison of English and Chinese. The word order in English and Chinese has discussed with Figure-Ground Theory, which makes an insight into the relationship between language and conceptualization in the two different cultures .It is a serious problem which blocks Chinese people learning English better that the word order between these two languages.
The difference between words order reflects the discrepancy of language family in Chinese and English. The change of word order in English related to the normal and exceptive orders of the sentence part of subject, predicate, object, attributive, as well as adverbial .The importance of constituent order were discussed, which should be strengthened in the teaching of TCFL .They advised the teaching of word order should include syntactical, semantic and pragmatic order. The differences of word order were studied that help people to express foreign language freely and correctly. A study about word order showed that the mother language will affect learning of foreign language.
It is the linear and horizontal sequences based on the grammars that the word order is one important manifestation of linguistic meaning in syntactic level, which will display of the mode of thinking. In details the adverbial word order of English and Chinese were discussed that these two languages share the same iconicity principles partly. The difference of word order in constructing whole sentence in the two languages were discussed that will promote the expression of foreign language learner. The word order in translation is also a good discussion. It is the word order that plays important role in the translation between English and Chinese, which given three strategies for English and Chinese translation.
The purpose of the present work is to help students know the differences better. So the translation between Chinese and English will become easy job. The word order is also an important grammatical means, which is one of the hot topics in the field of language research and translation research. It refers to the order of the lexical grammar that is also the sentence sequence. On this paper some analysis was given, including comparative analysis of basic sentence, rhetoric and idiom, which will help English language learners overcoming the negative transfer of Chinese interference, enhancing the confidence and finally achieving higher levels in Chinese and English translation.
Many linguists have already adverbial word order in-depth research, such as Quirk et al (1985),ZhouXiaobing (1995), ZhangYisheng (1996) and so on. Quirk said that sentence is the highest ranking unit of grammar .The sentence is an indeterminate unit in the sense that it is often difficult to decide, particularly in spoken language, where one sentence ends and another begins. Zhouxiaobing according to the semantic structure the predicate before the preposition can be pided into time, space, reason, collaborative, way and things, illocutionary and patient. But their focus on the outside to explore the language can be obtained from the iconic angle to better generalization, because differences in English and adverbial seemingly have the same word order cognitive basis in fact.
II. The comparison of word order difference in English-Chinese translation
2.1 The word order difference at basic sentence pattern in English-Chinese translation
It is basically the same that the word order of verb predicate sentence in English and Chinese subject-predicate sentence. For example with the five basic sentence patterns in English：
(1) Subject-predicate (SV): He is running. 他在跑步。
(2) Subject-predicate-object type (SVO): Tom has a dog. 汤姆有一条狗。
(3) Subject + predicate + indirect object + direct object (SVOiOd)：
God gives us hope. 上帝给我们希望。
(4) Subject + Predicate + predicative (SVC)：
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