Acknowledgements I would like to express my appreciation to a number of people for their invaluable assistance in preparation and development of this thesis.My most sincere thanks my teacher  whose solid academic foundation and enthusiastic assistance empower me to finish my thesis. Through constantly inspiring me to do my best in the academic pursuits, she always encourage me to overcome the obstacles in writing my thesis.43874

I am also very thankful for the help of other teachers of College of Foreign Language in University. Their vivid classes and abundant knowledge enlighten me to explore more in literature field. 

What’s more, I give my thanks to my friends, as well as my roommates. We passed four valuable years and enjoyed jolly moments together.

Finally, I want to show my sincere gratitude to my parents, my younger brother and my boyfriend. During the passed four years, I can not persevere and put concentration on my study without their profound love and support.

Words can not express my gratitude. I will engrave your help and love into my heart.

An Analysis of the Mariam and Laila’s Tragedy in A Thousand Splendid Suns

Abstract This thesis analyzes the two feminine protagonists—Mariam and Laila’s tragedy of A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini, an Afghan-American author. In A Thousand Splendid Suns, Khaled Hosseini presents the story of Mariam and Laila hailing from diametrically opposite backgrounds linked by a common fate, experiencing similar tribulations of being Afghan women. This thesis showing their transformation and growth against the background of a war-stricken and patriarchal Afghan, depicting their living condition characterized by gender discrimination and patriarchal depression, and revealing their action against discrimination and depression as well as the pursuit of equity and freedom．

Women hold a disadvantageous position in the patriarchal Afghanistan society in terms of social status, marriage and economy. They are at the lowest class in the society and are seriously restricted by the policy of government. As for the marriage，they play a role of tool to reproduce a new generation and can not gain happiness. When it comes to economy, they can not gain independence and have to rely on their husbands to support the family. Therefore，they have lost the right to seek for freedom and equality. During the Taliban-governed period，some Islamic doctrine was distorted. The requirement on women became stricter. The position of women was downgraded noticeably, and their aspiration for freedom and equality was seriously subdued.

This thesis aims to attract people’s attention to the fate of Afghan women through analyzing the causes of the figures’ tragedy in the novel. In the patriarchal society, women have broken the restraints imposed by patriarchy through efforts and struggle for the right of speech and the support for the marginalized women.

Keywords: Afghan women; tragedy; patriarchy; religious extremism

 分析《灿烂千阳》中玛丽雅姆和莱拉的悲剧原因

摘要本文对美籍阿富汗作家卡勒德·胡赛尼的小说《灿烂干阳》中的两位女主人公．玛利亚姆和莱拉的悲剧进行了解读。卡德勒·胡塞尼在《灿烂千阳》中讲述有着相反的背景却由一个共同的命运而联系在一起的玛丽雅姆和莱拉的故事。她们同样经历着作为阿富汗妇女的苦难。本文展示了在战乱背景下父权制的阿富汗社会中，两位女主人公的转变和成长过程，展现了女性深受性别歧视和父权压迫的政治和生活境遇，以及对这种歧视和压迫的反抗和对自由平等的渴望和追求。*吹冰`文~论|文/网www.chuibin.com

在父权制的阿富汗社会，妇女在社会地位、婚姻地位、经济地位等均处于弱势。她们处在社会的最底层，受到政策的严重束缚，在婚姻中没有自己的自由，只充当延续后代的工具，在经济上不能取得独立，也完全依赖于丈夫，丧失了自己追求自由及平等的权利。在塔利班统治时期，伊斯兰教的部分教义被扭曲，对妇女的要求更加苛刻，妇女的地位更是一落千丈，女性对自由及平等的向往被严重压抑。