Arduino单片机的汽车防碰撞系统设计
摘 要：汽车智能安全系统是现如今智能轿车领域的热门话题，如何自动的识别障碍物并且做出相应的避障动作，是研究的核心技术之一。本文利用自主购置并且加以改装的小车进行多种类传感器、多工作环境时的信号识别、不同障碍物下的工作情况进行避障响应设计等的各个研究。
基于单片机控制的小车模型对障碍物做出反应的机理在于其拥有的不同种类的传感器，通过它们，可以让控制单元得到前方障碍的位置或者状态等信号，并做出合理的避障措施。
本文针对轿车的主动安全系统进行模拟，用模型小车来构建一个现实的场景，为解决目前不仅仅是安全驾驶更是自动驾驶领域的防碰撞安全系统对于障碍物识别困难、反应迟钝、效率不高的情况给出可行的方案。本设计在小车前部安装两个红外传感器，同时在小车安装了一个雷达测距传感器以达到可以全方位多信号的检测障碍物，克服前述问题。最后，小车基于的是Arduino单片机来实现信息处理、避障动作分析等工作的。
在本课题中，小车的信号采集以及识别都正常，也完成了预期内的避障措施。
关键词：防碰撞系统、Arduino、避障措施
Abstract：Automobile Intelligent Safety System is a hot topic in the field of smart cars nowadays, how to identify obstacles automatically and make corresponding obstacle avoidance actions is one of the core technologies of the research.
In this paper, a variety of sensors, signal recognition in multiple working environments and work conditions under different obstacles are used to study the design of obstacle avoidance response.
The mechanism of the vehicle model based on SCM control is that it has different kinds of sensors, through which the control unit can get the signal of the position or state of the obstacle ahead, and make reasonable obstacle avoidance measures. In this paper, the car's active safety system simulated. We use model car to build a realistic scene in order to give a feasible solution to solve the situation, that currently automatic driving is difficult to identify obstacles, slow to response and inefficient.
In this design we install two infrared sensors and a radar ranging sensor in order to detective multi-faced signal of obstacles.
Finally, the car is based on the Arduino single-chip microcomputer to achieve information processing, obstacle avoidance action analysis.
In this topic, the vehicle signal acquisition and recognition are normal, but also completed the expected obstacle avoidance measures.
Key Words: collision avoidance system, Arduino, Obstacle avoidance
目 录
第1章 概述 1
1.1 课题选择的意义和依据 1
国内汽车防碰撞系统的现状 1
国外汽车防碰撞系统的现状 1
1.3 研究内容和研究路线 2
第2章 开发工具介绍 3
2.1 ArduinoUnoR3开发板的介绍 3
2.2 ArduinoUnoR3开发板管脚说明 4
2.3 ArduinoUnoR3的转接板