基于DSP的视频火灾探测硬件研究
关键词 DSP TMS320DM642 火灾探测 图像处理
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title Research of Hardware of Video Fire Detection Based On DSP
Abstract
The number of large space and underground buildings is increasing constantly. To satisfy the special requirements of fire detection for this kind of buildings, it is so urgent to research out adaptable、cost effective and new fire detection alarm system. With the rapid development of DSP technology and image processing technology, it is very significant to apply image processing technology based on DSP to fire detection. That is the very issue of the paper, which has the outstanding advantages of earlier alarm and high accuracy. The paper will introduce the system in two respects of hardware and arithmetic. In the respect of hardware, the central processor is TI’s dedicated multimedia processor—TMS320DM642，and use encoding and decoding chips to encode and decode video signals for DSP processing. In the respect of arithmetic, we get the infrared image of suspected flame. And binarize it with luminance. Then exploit corners、rate of change of corners、area and girth to distinguish real flame for suspected ones. Experiments show that this way of the paper could detect fire rapidly、accurately with low false alarm rate.
Keywords DSP TMS320DM642 Fire Detection Image Process
目次
1 绪论 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 火灾火焰的图像特性 2
1.3 大空间火灾的特性 3
1.4火灾图像监测技术的优势 4
1.5 本章小结 4
2 系统总体设计 4
3 硬件设计 5
3.1 硬件总体结构设计 5
3.2 CPU 6
3.3 电源模块 6
3.4 视频输入模块 8
3.5 视频输出模块 10
3.6 SDRAM模块 12
3.7 FLASH 13
3.8 复位电路 14
3.9 JTAG接口模块 15
3.10 本章小结 16
4 火灾探测算法 16
4.1 算法总体结构设计 16
4.2 目标提取 17
4.3 目标跟踪 22
4.4 目标识别 25
4.7 本章小结 27
结论 28
致谢 29
参考文献 30
1 绪论
1.1 引言
火灾是一种多发、常见的自然灾害，是最常见的严重灾害之一。随着我国改革开放的深入进行和经济建设的飞速发展，各行各业都取得了很大的成就。特别是近些年来，建筑业十分兴旺，各种建筑如雨后春笋不断出现。其中大空间建筑(例如大型公共娱乐场所、大型仓库、大型集贸市场、飞机库、车库、油库、候车大厅和候机大厅等)及地下建筑(如地下隧道、地铁站道、地下大型停车场和地下商业街等)的数量不断增加。由于此类建筑内部往往举架高、跨度大，火灾初期烟扩散受建筑内部安装的空调和通风系统等影响较大，有的场所人员密集，易燃品多，火灾隐患多。而且此类建筑火灾蔓延迅速，生成烟气毒性大，人员疏散避难及火灾扑救困难，一旦发生火灾往往造成很大的经济损失和恶劣的社会影响。近几年来，我国大空间建筑及地下建筑火灾时有发生，已引起有关方面的重视。因此，大空间建筑与地下建筑已成为消防保卫的重点对象之一。
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