稀土/TPU纳米复合材料的合成与表征
毕业论文关键词： 聚氨酯；稀土；纳米复合材料；性能
Synthesis and characterization of rare earth /TPU Nanocomposites
Abstract：In this paper, neodymium oxide （Nd2O3） and lanthanum oxide （La2O3） was added into thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer （TPU） though insitu bulk polymerization，and its preparation and properties was explored. The effect of nano rare earth oxide on the chemical structure and microstructure of TPU was studied by FTIR and XRD. In addition, the mechanical and surface properties of TPU were also tested. The results showed that Nd2O3 and La2O3 were successfully introducted into TPU, they affect the structure of TPU and both of them can significantly improve the mechanical properties and surface properties. The best amount of rare earth oxidesis 0.5%~0.6%. Compared with pure TPU elastomer, the tensile strength, elongation at break andthe contact angle of water and glycerinof Nd2O3/TPU composite elastomer improved 89%, 39%, 69%, 70%.While La2O3/TPU improved 57%, 38%, 62% and 69% respectively. Therefore, the introduction of nanosized rare earth oxides has a significant effect on the mechanical and surface properties of TPU.
Key Words：Polyurethane；Rare earth； Nanocomposite；Properties
目 录
1.绪论 1
1.1 热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（TPU）的概述 1
1.1.1 聚氨酯弹性体的结构 1
1.1.2 聚氨酯弹性体的特性 2
1.1.3 聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法 4
1.1.4 聚氨酯弹性体的改性 4
1.1.5 聚氨酯弹性体的应用与发展 6
1.2 稀土 6
1.2.1 稀土元素的性质 7
1.2.2 稀土高分子材料 7
1.3 现有问题 8
1.4 立题的目的和意义 9
1.5主要研究内容 9
2.实验部分 10
2.1 实验原料及试剂 10
2.2 实验仪器 10
2.3 稀土氧化物的制备 11
2.4 稀土/TPU纳米复合材料的制备 11
2.5 分析表征方法 12
2.5.1 万能材料实验机 12
2.5.2 红外光谱仪 13
2.5.3 X射线衍射仪 13
2.5.4 接触角测量仪 14
3.结果与讨论 15
3.1 纳米Nd2O3改性TPU弹性体的研究 15
3.1.1 Nd2O3改性后TPU弹性体颜色的变化 15
3.1.2 Nd2O3/TPU纳米复合材料红外光谱分析 15
3.1.3 Nd2O3/TPU纳米复合材料的XRD分析 16
3.1.4 Nd2O3用量对TPU弹性体力学性能的影响 17
3.1.5 Nd2O3用量对TPU弹性体表面性能的影响 17
3.1.6 小结 19
3.2 纳米La2O3改性TPU弹性体的研究 20
3.2.1 La2O3改性后TPU弹性体颜色的变化 20