摘要：本文通过研究柠檬醛在碱性条件下和丙酮发生缩合反应。实验中，课题组选取了10%氢氧化钠，使上述两种物质发生缩合从而得到进一步的产物。将柠檬醛，和10％的氢氧化钠在室温下反应，并使两者搅拌回流18h左右，使之进行充分的缩合反应，高浓度的NaCl溶液进行清洗，再用无水Na2SO4除去其中多余的水分，等翌日再进行进一步的提纯相关的步骤，得到比较纯的目标产物。通过运用GC-MS的分离以及测量手段，作出GC图和MS图，但最终的缩合产物是理论产物，经过分析，缩合过后产物为假性紫罗兰酮，同时也产生5种副产物。

关键词：柠檬醛、丙酮、假性紫罗兰酮、缩合反应、氢氧化钠

Reaction of condensation of citral and acetone

This article aims to study the condensation reaction of citral with acetone under the action of alkali. In the experiment, we selected 10% sodium hydroxide to cause a condensation reaction between citral and acetone. Citral = 2.5205g, and 5mL of 10% sodium hydroxide were reacted at room temperature, and the both were stirred and refluxed for about 18h to perform a sufficient condensation reaction. The saturated sodium chloride solution was washed, and anhydrous sulfuric acid was used again. The copper is dried and then filtered and concentrated on the next day to obtain a relatively pure product. Gas chromatograph and mass spectrometry were performed using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, but the final condensation product was a theoretical product. After analysis, the product after condensation was 0.56 g pseudo-ionone

Keywords: citral, acetone, pseudoionone，Reaction of condensation , sodium hydroxide. 

目录

1前言 1

1.1背景 1

1.1.1柠檬醛 1

1.1.2 丙酮 3

1.1.3假性紫罗兰酮 4

1.2假性紫罗兰酮的合成 4

1.2.1通过使用山苍子油作为反应原料从而制备假性紫罗兰酮 4

1.2.2通过相转移催化合成假性紫罗兰酮 5

1.2.3 D261催化柠檬醛和丙酮合成假性紫罗兰酮 6

1.3 我的合成路线 8

2试剂与仪器 9

2.1试剂 9

2.2仪器 9

2.3 装置图 10

3 实验步骤 11

3.1柠檬醛和丙酮的缩合反应 11

3.2产物的后处理 11

3.2.1洗涤 11

3.2.2干燥 11

3.2.3过滤 11

4结果与讨论 12

4.1反应机理 12

4.2图谱分析 12

4.2.1 GC-MS分析 12

4.2.2质谱分析 13

4.2.3副产物质谱图 14

5结论 17

致谢 18

参考文献 19

1前言

1.1背景

1.1.1柠檬醛

柠檬醛，又被称为2,6-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛，该物质的化学式为C10H16O，同时也是开链单萜中的极具代表力的几种常见有机物之一。它本身可以在枫茅油中提取出来，同样可以获得它的方法是从山苍子油中进行提取。从大自然中获得的柠檬醛是由两种光学同分异构体形成的非纯净物。