摘 要:将磷酸三苯酯(TPP)及其与磷酸硼复配应用于PC/PBT合金中,并通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL94)研究该阻燃剂对PC/PBT合金阻燃性能的影响,以及复配后的阻燃剂对PC/PBT合金的协同阻燃作用。研究表明,TPP可以提高PC/PBT的LOI,并随着TPP添加量的增加,其LOI也相应增加,加入4%TPP即可使PC/PBT合金的LOI从22.8%提高至30.6%。未阻燃的PC/PBT在UL-94测试中,两次点火后均出现了严重的滴落现象,TPP可使PC/PBT达到V-0级,且随着TPP添加量的增加,燃烧时间减少,由此表明TPP可有效提高PC/PBT合金的阻燃性能。TPP与磷酸硼复合阻燃剂阻燃PC/PBT的LOI尽管比单独添加磷酸硼的高,但比单独添加TPP的低,表明在PC/PBT中TPP与磷酸硼没有明显的阻燃协同作用。TPP阻燃PC/PBT合金燃烧后的残炭连续且致密,这种炭层可有效地隔绝热和空气,从而达到阻燃效果。
关键字:PC/PBT;TPP;磷酸硼;阻燃性能
Abstract:Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and its compound with boron phosphate were applied to the PC/PBT alloy. The flame retardancy of TPP and synergistic flame retardancy of the compound on PC/PBT alloy were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL-94). Our studies showed that TPP can improve the LOI of PC/PBT, and the LOI increases accordingly with the addition of TPP. The LOI value of PC/PBT alloy rises from 22.8% to 30.6% after adding 4% TPP. In the UL-94 test of PC/PBT without flame retardant, severe dripping occurred after both two ignitions. TPP can make PC/PBT pass UL-94 V-0 test, and the decrease of the burning time with the increase of TPP addition, indicating that TPP can effectively improve the flame retardancy of PC/PBT alloys. The LOI of PC/PBT blended with compound of TPP and boron phosphate was higher than that of boron phosphate alone, but lower than that of TPP alone, indicating that TPP and boron phosphate had no substantial synergistic flame retardation on PC/PBT. The continuous and dense char residue formed after the combustion of PC / PBT alloy with flame-retardant TPP, can effectively isolate heat and air, so as to achieve flame-retardant effect.
Keywords: PC/PBT; TPP; boron phosphate; flame retardancy
目 录
1前言 5
2实验部分 7
2.1 实验原料 7
2.2 实验仪器设备 7
2.3 PC/PBT阻燃合金的制备 8
2.4性能测试 8
3结果与讨论 9
3.1磷酸酯对PC/PBT阻燃性能的影响 9
3.2 热失重分析 11
3.3 燃烧炭层形貌分析 15
4结论 17
参考文献 19
致谢 20
1前言
随着高分子材料工业的发展,人工合成材料如塑料、纤维、橡胶等广泛应用于建筑、化工、军事及交通运输等领域[1]。其中,聚碳酸酯(PC)是机械强度高、尺寸稳定性良好、耐热性和耐磨性等优点的工程塑料,而且又具有一定的阻燃性能,但同时其具备一定缺陷,例如受应力时容易开裂、自润滑性、耐化学药品性差、高温易水解,正是该材料存在的缺点限制其在某些领域的发展。聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)是用于汽车、电子电器、工业机械和聚合物合金、共混工业中的热塑性聚酯,它有以下特点:韧性好,耐疲劳性,耐化学药品性、吸水率低(仅为0.1%)、耐候性、自润滑性好、生产成本低等,但是也存在缺点,例如较差的阻燃性能、缺口冲击强度低、热变形温度不高等。PC / PBT共混不仅提高了PC的耐化学性,而且克服了其成型加工的难度,改善了PBT冲击强度的缺点,实现了互补性优势[2]。该合金常用于制造汽车壳部件和装饰用品等,但随着人们对防火意识的增强,对于PC/PBT合金的阻燃性能的要求也越来越高。