甲醇氢氯化法合成甲烷氯化物的工艺设计(2)
Design Manual
Design projects: Process design of methanol hydro chlorinate synthesis of methane chloride
Methane chloride is including methyl chloride (methyl chloride), dichloromethane, trichloromethane (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, also known as CMS). CMS is an important chemical raw materials and organic solvents. Methyl chloride is mainly used for the production of methyl chlorosilane, silicone, four methyl lead (gasoline antiknock agent), methyl cellulose; methylene chloride is mainly used in the fields of film production and medicine in china. In the pharmaceutical industry, for the preparation of ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin; chloroform is extracting agent penicillin, vitamin, Oils and alkaloids; carbon tetrachloride not burning, low boiling point, is often used as a fire extinguishing agent.
1. Design Task Source
Process design an annual output of 15000 tons of methane chloride synthesis of methane chloride by industrial methanol. And design the production equipment, production process and process parameters as the basis.
2. Design Standards
This design with reference to the relevant national standards and regulations and design of chemical process, methane chloride, synthesis process and process parameters were determined. (1)Technical Route Choice
Production of methane chloride raw material basically has two kinds: methane thermal chlorination with methane as raw material and using methanol as the main material of methanol hydro chlorinate method. Methane thermal chlorination is the earliest implementation of methane chloride production process of industrialization, mature technology. The advantage of this method is low cost; disadvantage is the raw material of methane gas to be purified, and the product quality is not high, the main component of chloroform purity can reach 99.1%~99.5%.
The methanol hydro chlorinates method for producing methane chloride is the most advanced. Most of the developed countries with methanol as raw material for the synthesis of methane chloride, using the method of chlorine in the rate is high, therefore the production of high purity. Therefore, I chose methanol hydro chlorinate method to synthesis of methane chloride.
(2)Process identified
Comprehensive chlorination process can be pided into two reaction section, absorption, and distillation section. Hydrogen chloride gas methanol steam and chlorination process separated by -ZnCl catalyst in hydrogen chloride solution in the reactor, at a temperature of 135 ℃, methanol and hydrogen chloride produced in the reaction of methyl chloride and water. The reaction gas by condensation, absorption and washed with water to remove unreacted hydrogen chloride, the reaction of methanol and water. Get diluted hydrochloric acid with methanol by methanol recovery device for recovering methanol and then sent to the chloride process. Methyl chloride and chlorine gas for heat chlorination reaction in the chlorination reactor, the reaction temperature is 400 ℃ ~420 ℃, reaction gas after quenching, dry and low temperature condensation that hydrogen chloride separation and methane chloride, coarse chlorinated liquid condensed containing four methane chloride, by-product and small amounts of dissolved hydrogen chloride send the distillation process. Coarse chloride solution by primary distillation tower distillation tower distillation, dichloromethane, low boiling point components, return the chlorination reactor further chlorination in gas state, initial distillation column distillation qualified chlorinated tuck (mainly of chloroform and tetrachloromethane), to give chloroform distillation tower distillation, get chloroform products from the tower, rectifying tower kettle liquid send the person rectifying tower and carbon tetrachloride carbon tetrachloride products.
3. Technical Parameters
(1) Capacity: 8000 hours per15,000 tons of methane chloride
(2) Reaction components:
hydrogen chloride (volume %)：94% hydrogen chloride 2.0% carbon dioxide 1.5% nitrogen 2.5% water