摘要:《义务教育课程标准》中提出：“积极倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式，学生学习应当是一个自由、活泼、富有个性的过程。因此，对学生自主学习能力的培养提出了新的要求，需要通过改革完善课堂教学来实现提高小学生自主学习能力的目标。”当前小学生学习过程中自主学习能力严重缺失，表现为小学生自主学习需求与实际所处的“师主”状态矛盾突出；小学生不善于运用学习策略；小学生自我效能感低下三个方面。其成因包括教师和学生两大方面，教师教学方式模式化、缺乏对自主学习的本质认识，学生缺乏自主学习的动机、科学的学习方法和目标。最后，从建立平等的师生关系，创设良好的课堂环境，优化学习策略，让学生参与课堂管理四个方面提出促进小学生自主学习能力提高的相关对策。50243

毕业论文关键词：小学生;自主学习;缺失与培养

The Problems and Countermeasures of Pupils’ Autonomous Learning

Abstract: The "Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards" in the curriculum concepts also proposed: "actively promote independence, cooperation and explore ways of learning. Student learning should be a lively, free, personalized process.So,to achieve the goal of self-learning ability through reform and improve the classroom teaching.The cultivation of students’ autonomous learning ability has put forward new requirements.There is a serious lack of learning ability in primary school students.  Manifested as three aspects:the primary school students’ autonomous learning needs and the actual condition of the teacher’s main state conflict; Pupils are not good at using learning strategies;Pupils’ low self-efficacy.The reasons including teachers and students, teachers teaching methods modeled;the lack of understanding of the nature of self-learning;students lack motivation; learning scientific methods and objectives. Finally, to improve the promotion of countermeasures in the management of four aspects of the classroom.From the establishment of an equal relationship between teachers and students, creating a good classroom environment, optimizing the learning strategies to enable pupils’ self-learning ability.   

Keywords：Pupil;Autonomous Learning;Lack and Cultivation

 目  录

摘要 1

Abstract 1

一、自主学习 2

 (一) 自主学习 2

（二）自主学习的特征 2

（三）自主学习对小学生发展的重要性 3

二、小学生自主学习中存在的问题 5

（一）小学生自主学习需求与实际所处的“师主”状态矛盾突出 5

（二）小学生不善于运用学习策略，自主学习能力低 6

（三）小学生自主性不强，自我效能感低下 6

三、影响小学生自主学习的因素 7

（一）教师方面 7

（二）学生方面 8

四、促进小学生自主学习的对策 9

 (一) 建立平等关系，引导小学生正确全面认识自我 9

（二）创设良好的课堂环境，激发小学生自主学习 10

（三）优化学习策略，提高小学生自主学习能力