陶渊明的个性特征研究
关键词: 陶渊明；个性；率性；安贫乐道
Analysis on Tao Yuanming’s Personality
Abstract:Tao Yuanming is a famous poet and master of the sublime in prose style ,between the end of Jin and the beginning of Song Dynasty.He was once became an official or lived in hamlets as a hermit many times and finally he chose to be a recluse because he wanted to live in close communion with nature.He lived a rural life:ploughing ,reading,drink wine and produce poems.He never change his mind, even though the life is fraught with difficulty .He was terribly persecuted for the ethos of that time,family affairs and his own character .By comparison with some of his contemporaries,his behaviour fully to show his bright inpiduality,such as :satisfaction with privation,straightforward just as he wishes,love nature and wine, addicted to poetry.All of his unique features surpassed others, also adore him for his noble character by scholars and literati of later generations.
Key Words: Tao Yuanming; inpiduality; straightforward; satisfaction with privation
目 录
摘 要1
Abstract1
一、率性任情，不违其心2
（一）人际交往：重性情2
（二）读书的态度：重兴趣3
（三）五仕五隐：重本心3
二、安贫乐道，任运自化5
（一）安贫的为人准则5
（二）坚守固穷之节5
三、性爱丘山，寄心田园6
（一）回归田园的隐居方式7
（二）对田园风光的热爱7
（三）固守田园的决心8
四、诗酒风流，怡然自适9
（一）“性嗜酒”：性乐酒德9
（二）读书：但求会意10
（三）诗文创作：自写其心10
参考文献11
致谢12
陶渊明的个性特征研究
陶渊明是两晋南北朝时期著名的田园诗人，一生大部分时间生活在东晋后期，当时统治阶级内部昏庸腐败，时局动荡不安。他晚年的时候东晋王朝被宋所取代。其高祖陶侃是东晋的开国功臣，受到统治阶级的重用。由于父亲早逝，陶渊明很小就和外祖父孟嘉一起生活，外祖父的行事作风以及温和的性情对他影响巨大。他的故乡北临长江，南面庐山，秀丽的景色也很大程度上陶冶了他的性情。这样的社会大背景、家庭盛衰、自然条件、自身的性格以及人生经历，使其形成了独特的个性特征。
一、率性任情，不违其心
陶渊明个性最突出的体现就是“真”，即不娇柔做作，率性而为，不违其心。他崇尚自然，追求本真，不会为金钱或者名利轻易改变自己的本性。“真”的人生准则指导着他生活的各个方面。
（一）人际交往：重性情
陶渊明与人交往重在“真”，即自然而然地与朋友相处，没有应酬或是敷衍的成分，用自己最本真的一面自适其心地生活，真切自然地待人。萧统用“任真”评价陶渊明。沈约在《宋书•隐逸传》对陶渊明也由衷地叹道“其真率如此”。[1]这些对陶渊明的评论可谓是知音之言。陶渊明交友不看重对方的身份，只要有酒，或者只要性情、思想合得来，无论贫富贵贱都可以成为朋友。没有世俗的羁绊，更不怕得罪到访的客人，完全是随性而为，从不在意世俗的礼节客套，也从不装模作样。陶渊明在《五柳先生传》中也说，去朋友家喝酒的时候，喝好了就起身离开，从不扭扭捏捏地吝惜去留。一切都是自然而然的行为，这样的真性情受到了世人的倾羡。
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