摘  要：魏晋南北朝时期（公元220年~公元589年）是中国历史上有名的“乱世”，这一时期多国并存，政权更迭极为频繁。公元420年，刘裕废除晋安帝，建立刘宋政权，公元439年，北魏太武帝拓跋焘统一北方，中国历史从此正式进入了南北朝时期。在长期的封建割据和连绵不断的战争中，中国的文化遭受了极大的破坏，而这样一个混乱的年代，却在史载以及文人的笔下出现了一个被誉为盛世之极的“元嘉之治”，元嘉之治是指南朝刘宋文帝刘义隆统治时期（公元424-453年）出现的较为繁荣稳定的政治局面，是魏晋南北朝中诸政权中国力最为强盛的一个时期，是南朝历史上极为鲜见的稳定时期。对“元嘉之治”形成以及短暂消亡的原因及评价是本文力图探究的一个重要方向。

关键词：南朝；元嘉之治；社会阶级；宋文帝

Study on Governance of Emperor Wendi Of Song in the Southern Dynasties And Revaluation of “The Prosperity Of Yuanjia”

Abstract：Wei Jin southern and northern dynasties period ( ad 220 ~ ad 589 ) is a famous " troubled times" in the history of China, this period regime change is very frequent, multinational coexist, since xelloss proclaimed himself Wei zhengtong to realize the temporary unity, and then simashi generation Cao jianjin, after the chaos of yongjia Jin dynasty ruling group moved south, dingdu jiankang ( now Nanjing ) to establish the eastern Jin dynasty, at the same time, the north has Xiongnu, Xianbei, di, Qiang, Jie successively established sixteen regime countries, 420 ad, emperor Wu of song scrap Jin built Liu song, ad In the long-term feudal regime and continuous war of China's culture suffered great damage, but in such a war s in historical records and literati's pen appeared a is known as the prosperous time extremely " yuan Jia governance", yuan Jia governance is the guide to Song Wendi Liu Yilong rule period ( 424 - 453 ad ), is the Wei, Jin, southern and northern dynasties China's most powerful period, is a rare well-off era in the history of the southern dynasty. It is an important direction of this paper to evaluate the causes of this phenomenon and its temporary disappearance.

Key Words: The Southern Dynasties ； The Prosperity Of Yuanjia ； Emperor Wendi Of  Song ； Social class 

目  录

摘  要 I

Abstract II

目  录 III

一 东晋时期的权力转移 1

二 刘裕与元嘉之治 2

（一）地方分裂割据势力的铲除 3

（二）社会生产的发展 3

（三）刘裕北伐以及中外军体制的建立 5

三 宋文帝与元嘉政局 5

（一） 统治阶层的重建 5

（二） 中外军体制的进一步发展 6

四 对元嘉之治的评价 6

参考文献 8

一 东晋时期的权力转移

西晋末年的永嘉之乱使得建都洛阳的西晋王朝覆灭，北方诸少数民族的内迁及其在中国北方的混战使得原属西晋皇室的司马睿被南渡建立新的政权，史称东晋。然而司马睿的实力与威望都远不足以支撑起一个强力的统治政权，因而东晋时期的司马氏在统治中长期处于次要地位，军政大权长为南迁的门阀士族王、庾、桓、谢四家所掌控，史家将这一特殊的政治状态称为“门阀政治”，民间也有“王与马共天下”之说。