Abstract Thomas Hardy was an excellent critical realistic writer in the 19th century in England. It was an era of the clash of industrial society and the traditional society. Inpidual farmers are all on the verge of bankruptcy. Tess of the D’Urbervilles tells a story happened in the background that the farmers were oppressed and the economy was of poverty. The novel describes the tragic life of a innocent and kind countryside girl after her disgrace. Tess is the oldest daughter of a poor family. His father asks her to claim kindred with a more prosperous D’Urbervilles. Then she is seduced by Alec, and gives birth to a baby which dies in infancy. Afterwards, she meets Clare on the farm where she works as a dairymaid. On the wedding day, she confesses her past sufferings to him. Clare doesn’t forgive her and deserts her. Finally she has to go back to Alec and the tragedy happens. The novel uncovers the tragic life of Tess by describing the society environment, the deficit of her personalities and religious factors. First of all, the tragedy is a social tragedy, caused by the restriction of thinking at that time. It is also caused by the personalities of Tess. On one hand, she is brave to fight with traditional morality. On the other hand, she is weak because of the oppression of traditional morality in her heart. Tess, a beautiful and pure girl, was destroyed by the moral hypocrisy of Asset Stage, and went to destruction in the end.51835

Key Words: Thomas Hardy     social tragedy     character     morali 

摘要托马斯·哈代是十九世纪英国优秀的批判现实主义作家。那是一个工业文明与传统文明冲突的时代，个体农户濒临破产。《德伯家的苔丝》就是在底层农民受到压迫，经济贫困的社会背景下展开的悲剧故事，这也是他最广为人知的作品。该小说讲述了一个纯洁善良的农村少女失身后的悲剧人生。女主人公苔丝是一个贫穷人家的长女。父亲让苔丝去附近的富户德伯家认亲。之后苔丝便遭到了亚力克的引诱而失身，生下了一个孩子不久便夭折。后来，苔丝去农场做工的时候遇到了克莱尔。新婚之夜苔丝向克莱尔坦白了自己过去的遭遇，克莱尔不原谅她而且抛弃了她。最终苔丝回到亚力克身边，于是悲剧发生了。小说通过对社会环境的描写，自身性格的缺陷以及结合宗教原因揭露了苔丝的悲剧命运.首先,苔丝的悲剧也是社会悲剧，是由这个时代思想的压迫束缚造成的。其次也离不开苔丝自身性格的悲剧，她既是勇敢的，敢于对抗传统道德，但同时也是软弱的，她的内心还是摆脱不了传统道德对自己的束缚。最终，普通的善良的姑娘苔丝被残酷的资产阶段的虚伪道德所吞噬，从而走向了毁灭。

毕业论文关键词：托马斯哈代     社会悲剧     个体性格     伦理道德

Contents

Abstract ⅰ

摘要 ⅱ

Content ⅲ

Chapter One Introduction 1

ⅠIntroduction of the writer 1

Ⅱ Introduction of Tess of the D’Urbervilles 1

Ⅲ Literature Review 2

Chapter Two Objective Factors Responsible for Tess’s Tragedy 4

Ⅰ Social Factors 4

Ⅱ Family Factors 5

Chapter There Subjective Factors Responsible for Tess’s Tragedy 6

Ⅰ Tess‘s Self-esteem and Self-abasement 6