从释意学理论看中英口译(2)
关键词：释意学理论，口译，中英口译
CONTENTS
Acknowledgmentsi Abstract. ii
摘要iii
1 Introduction.1
2 Interpretative Theory.4
2.1 Origin of the Interpretative Theory.4
2.2 Target of Interpretation.5
2.3 Interpreting Procedures : Triangle Model of the Interpretative Theory6
2.4 Contributions of the Interpretative Theory.8
3 Interpretation10
3.1 Definition of Interpretation..10
3.2 Categories of Interpretation.10
3.3 Features of Interpretation..11
4 Case Study of Chinese-English Interpretation from the Perspective of the Interpretative Theory13
4.1 Cases of Press Conference Interpretation.13
4.2 Cases of Reception Interpretation..15
5 Conclusion18
Bibliography..19
1 Introduction
Through over three decades’ reform and opening-up policy, China gradually stands out of the world arena. The last decade has witnessed her accelerated development in economy and society, especially after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2010 Shanghai World Expo. As its exchanges are steadily on the rise with other nations in science, politics, trade, management, culture, environmental and developmental matters, etc., China is now boasting a vital position in the world. In the meantime, international expositions, summits and festivals in various fields make their way to China as host place, and China itself holds lots of international and regional press conferences of different kinds on various occasions, both of which catch the eyes of people all around the globe. However, all the activities mentioned above could hardly go smoothly without the practice of interpreting. On this occasion, the need for study on interpretation and requirements of qualified interpreters should never be neglected. Hence, the ever-increasing need for skilled interpreters and researches about Chinese-English interpretation emerges.
Both translation and interpretation are activities bridging different languages and contributing to communication. Studies on such activities are never barely seen. After the World War Ⅱ the contemporary era witnessed the two stages of the development in studies on translation and interpretation. According to Gao Huali (2009:274), with the publication of Nida’s Bible Translating: An Analysis of Principles and Procedures in 1947, studies on translation occupied a seat among the field of linguistics, which was firmly supported from 1940s to 1970s. The birth of The Name and Nature of Translation by James S. Holmes indicated the second stage came; in this essay Holmes put forward the idea that studies on translation should be regarded as an independent discipline. Till 1980s, Holmes’ idea had been widely accepted in various works by many theorists. During the latter stage, Danica Seleskovitch and Marianne Lederer, forerunners of Interpretative Theory, which was first applied to interpretation practice, took translation as a process of explanation.
James Nolan said, “An interpreter listens to a spoken message in the source language and renders it orally, consecutively or simultaneously, in the target language” (2008:2). According to him (2008:3), the translator depends mainly on extensive research with related materials and dictionaries so as to make the most accurate and readable written translation, while the interpreter relies mainly on the capability to make the meaning of the message understood by the audience present. Due to the differences between translation and interpretation, studies on the two should be separated.
Studies on interpretation in China appeared comparatively late. In the book A Short History of Translation and Interpretation in China and Other Countries, Gao Huali (2009:182) gave the three stages of its development in China. Before 1996, studies were mainly on empiricism. From the year 1996, study on interpretation entered its primary stage, in which experts began thinking about problems in interpretation and interpretation training. Then came the second stage during which experts described interpretation process. Together with the development of China’s interpretation market, study on interpretation in China entered its third stage. In this period, more and more attention has been paid to making interpretation professionalized and training professional interpreters. In the meantime interpretation evaluation and interpretation methodology turned to be the focus of all interpretation studies. Today both interpretation experts and foreign language students in China still have a long way to go in order to gain more in studies on interpretation. However, after going through the graduate essays of the past years in her college, the author finds that researches about interpretation were rarely touched upon by bachelor-degree candidates. With a keen interest in Chinese-English interpretation as well as the hope of drawing more attention to interpretation from the college faculty and her fellow students, the author decides to carry out a research on Chinese-English interpretation.