归划或异化从翻译目的论角度看中国文化特有词语的英译(5)
Foreignization is a source-culture-oriented translation strategy which intends to maintain the flavor of original texts as much as possible so as to convey the core idea of source language and its original culture to target readers.
American translator Lawrence Venuti is a typical representative of Foreignization strategy. As he put it, the fluent form of domestication ignores the translators’ endeavors, and forces translators to accept invisible unfairness, besides, it also covers the differences between culture and the historical meaning of original texts so that readers may believe that they have already comprehended the intended meaning of original texts, however, they have just read the translated text influenced by values and culture of target language.
By adopting Foreignization strategy, the translator can apply some popular and fresh expression ways to convey the original culture flavor. Translating “coca cola” into “可口可乐”, “coffee” into“咖啡”, and “microphone” into “麦克风” are all typical examples of Foreignization. In order to avoid misunderstanding and help readers to comprehend the original culture and meaning, translators are more likely to choose Foreignization strategy in translating famous people’s names, places, idioms, etc. Such as translating “George Washingtong” into “乔治•华盛顿”, “London” into “伦敦” and “Kill two birds with one stone” into “一石二鸟”.
However, during the practical process of translating, it is totally impossible for translators to adopt the same translation strategy when translating different texts, for the target-culture-oriented translation and the source-culture-oriented translation are not suitable for all articles. Translators should adopt the most ideal strategy for each specific circumstance. After all, the translation strategy lies on the purpose of the translator.
2.3 Chinese Cultural Terms and Their Classification
It is known to all that China has a great diversity of culture with its fifty-six ethnic groups. Chinese nation has created extensive and profound Chinese culture in the long-term historical development. Chinese culture, the intelligent crystallization of the whole nation, has made an outstanding contribution to the development of human history.
Chairman Mao once said in his article Reform Our Study: “Many party members are still in a fog about Chinese history, whether of the last hundreds years or of ancient times. There are many Marxist-Leninist scholars who can open their mouths with citing ancient Greece; but as for their own ancestors----sorry, they have been forgotten”(Mao Zedong, 1971, speech). However, the increasing interest about China all over the world has become more and more obvious, and shouldering the responsibility of spreading and maintaining the merits of Chinese traditional culture belongs to us young generation without any doubts.
Chinese cultural terms are typical representatives of Chinese culture and an increasing number of foreigners are becoming interested in learning about them. The splendid 5000 years’ Chinese culture has a great many of branches. Here the author selects five parts of Chinese culture to discuss: traditional festivals terms, culinary cultural terms, martial arts terms, classical literature terms and modern Chinese terms.
3 Application of Domestication and Foreignization to Translation Practice
“Domesticating translation” and “Foreignizing translation” are the terms coines by L. Venuti (1995) to describe two different translation strategies. The German philosopher Schleiermacher argues that there are only two different methods of translation, “either the translator leaves the author in peace, as much as possible, and moves the reader towards him; or he leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible, and moves the author towards him” (Lefevere, 1977:74).
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