摘要：咏史诗作为中学语文教学中重要的诗歌题材，本文旨在对中学语文教材中的咏史诗进行解读与创新教学。本文共分为三个部分：第一部分旨在界定咏史诗的定义和文体特征，通过文献资料的收集汇总，我们认为，以历史为吟咏对象的咏史怀古诗都可以作为咏史诗来看，而咏史诗的文体特征方面，咏史诗主要有搅乱时空、长于议论以及借古喻今的特点。第二部分则是在文献研究基础上，以中学语文教材中《赤壁》、《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》以及《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》为例，进行咏史诗教学解读。最后在第三部分，结合相关一线教师的课堂实录与教学设计，对所选三首古诗词，进行创新教学设计，创新点在于能够使历史与情感吟咏的联系更加紧密，创设历史情境，构建教学支架，采用表格、公式等形式使教学内容更丰富且富有逻辑性，并结合名家的解读以及咏史诗的文体特征，引导学生质疑，能够发表出自己的见解，并且有效地培养学生正确的理性历史观，进而使咏史诗的教学内容更加适宜，且让学生理解咏史诗的价值与性质，引起学生学习咏史诗甚至其他诗歌题材的兴趣，以期能够为教师今后进行咏史诗教学提供有借鉴意义的参考。

关键词：咏史诗；怀古诗；教学解读；教学设计

the Interpretation and Teaching of Epics In Middle School Chinese Textbooks

Abstract：The epic is an important poetic subject in middle school Chinese teaching.This paper aims at the interpretation and innovation teaching of the epic in the middle school textbooks.This paper is pided into three parts.The first part of this article aims to define the definition and style of the epic. Secondly,on the basis of literature research,we will take three poems in the middle school Chinese textbooks as an example,which are named as”Chi Bi”,”Nian Nu Jiao·Chi Bi Huai Gu”and”Yong Yu Le·Jing Kou Bei Gu Ting Huai Gu”respectively,to interpret the teaching of epics.Thirdly,combining the classroom practice and teaching design of relevant first-line teachers,we will design innovative teaching for the three selected poems.The point of innovation is to make history more connected to emotion.We will create a historical context and build a teaching support .We will also use forms and formulas to make the content of teaching richer and more logical.And we will combine the interpretation of the experts and the style of the epic to lead students to question and express their own opinions,which can effectively cultivate their correct sense of history.We hope to make the teacher's form of the teaching of epics more perse,and make students to understand the value of the epic ,arousing the interest of the students to study the epic and even other poems.In the end,we expect to be able to serve as a reference resource for future teachers in the teaching of epics.

Key Words: the Poems on History； the Poems on the Past； the interpretation of teaching； teaching design 

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

一、咏史诗的定义 1

（一）咏史诗界定 1

（二）咏史诗文体特质 3

二、咏史诗教学解读 5

（一）《赤壁》教学解读 5

（二）《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》教学解读 7

（三）《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》教学解读 8